304 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



e. Plant sparingly pubescent ; root leaves usually 1-3 ; cauline leaves less veiny 

 than in the preceding species ; stipules narrowly ovate. 

 /. Ovary more or less woolly. 16. V. eriocarpa 



f. Ovary glabrous. 16a. V. eriocarpa, 



var. leiocarpa 

 d. Petals white within, violet without; stipules lanceolate, whitish, thin and 

 scarious; leaves finely toothed, more sharply acuminate. 



17. V. canadensis 



c. Style not capitate, beaked or beakless, glabrous or bearded ; spur longer ; 

 stipules bristly-toothed, herbaceous. 

 d. Spur 4—9 mm. long ; lateral petals bearded ; style bent at the tip, with a short 

 beard. 

 e. Petals white or cream-colored; leaves thin, veiny, with rounded crena- 

 tions; stipules (1) 1.5-2.5 cm. long, toothed throughout. 



18. V. striata 



e. Petals lavender or violet; leaves thicker, less veiny, with flattened crena- 

 tions; stipules 0.1-1.3 cm. long, toothed mostly toward the base. 



19. V. conspersa 



d. Spur 9-13 mm. long ; lateral petals beardless ; style straight and smooth ; 

 (leaves and stipules as in the preceding species, but the upper aestival 

 leaves narrower and more pointed). 20. V. rostrata 



b. Style much enlarged upward into a globose hollow summit; stipules large, leaf- 

 like, pectinate at base, the terminal lobe enlarged. 21. V. arvensis 



Key to species based on cleistogamous flowers and fruit 



a. Plant stemless; leaves and scapes all from rootstocks or runners. (2d a, p. 306.) 

 b. Rootstocks stout, (2.5) 3-10 mm. in diam., short; runners wanting (or forming 

 a raceme of flowers in no. 8). (2d b, p. 305.) 

 c. Cleistogamous flowers borne singly on the rootstocks ; leaves not oval and thick 

 or waxy. 

 d. Leaves in general outline cordate-reniform or cordate-ovate, the later ones 

 apiculate, long-petioled, smooth or hairy. 

 e. Cleistogamous flowers sagittate-lanceolate ; capsules on erect peduncles, 

 oblong, green, 10-15 mm. long; sepals nearly as long, narrow, often 

 ciliolate at apex, the auricles 2-4 mm. long, lobed; (seeds small, 1.4 

 mm. long, black ; leaves glabrous or usually so, the blade acute but 

 scarcely apiculate, deltoid-reniform, scarcely bullate, inconspicuously 

 crenate). 1. V. cucullata 



e. Cleistogamous flowers more ovoid ; capsules oval or oblong-oval, usually 

 tinged with purple ; sepals generally much shorter than the capsules, 

 oblong-lanceolate, the apex entire, the auricles 0.5-2 mm. long, entire 

 or slightly lobed. 

 /. Leaves glabrous, undivided, not ciliate; (petioles slender; auricles of 

 the sepals appressed; seeds 1.6-1.8 mm. long). 

 g. Leaf blades triangular-ovate; petioles smooth; capsules 4-7 mm. 

 long, glabrous or pubescent, on erect peduncles ; seeds buff. 



2. V. affinis 

 g. Leaf blades very broadly flat-reniform, apiculate ; upper part of 

 petioles granular-roughened; capsules 6-10 mm. long, glabrous, on 

 prostrate peduncles ; seeds dark brown. 3. V. latiuscula 



f. Leaves more or less hairy, rarely glabrous, undivided or deeply parted, 

 ciliolate. 

 g. Sepals with spreading, toothed auricles ; capsules on erect peduncles ; 

 seeds dark brown, 1.7-1.8 mm. long; (capsules subglobose or oval, 

 8-12 mm. long ; leaves deltoid-ovate, scarcely bullate, bluish green ; 

 petioles slender, slightly hairy above). 4. V. septentrionalis 



