306 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



a. Plant leafy-stemmed; petaliferous and clcistogamous flowers axillary to the 

 cauline leaves. 

 b. Stipules not leaf-like, either entire, toothed, or laciniate. 

 c. Stipules entire or nearly so. 

 d. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or oblong, scarcely scarious ; upper leaves strongly 

 veined, broadly ovate; basal leaves with the blade at insertion of the 

 petiole flabelliform ; capsule hairy or glabrous, 9-14 mm. long or an 

 occasional one shorter. 

 e. Plant very pubescent; root leaves usually wanting, cauline leaves very 

 strongly veiny; stipules broadly ovate; capsule glabrous, or sometimes 

 woolly. 15. V. pubescens 



e. Plant sparingly pubescent ; root leaves usually 1-3, cauline leaves less 

 veiny than in the preceding species ; stipules narrowly ovate. 

 /. Capsule woolly. 16. V . eriocarpa 



f. Capsule glabrous. 16a. V. eriocarpa, 



var. Iciocarpa 

 d. Stipules linear-lanceolate, scarious ; upper leaves lightly veiny, more nar- 

 rowly ovate and more strongly acuminate than in the preceding species ; 

 basal leaves with the blade scarcely flabelliform ; capsule generally 

 puberulent, 4-6 mm. long. 17. V. canadensis 



c. Stipules bristly-toothed, herbaceous ; capsules glabrous. 

 d. Leaves thin, veiny, with rounded crenations ; stipules (1) 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 

 toothed throughout ; auricles of the sepals about 2 mm. long ; seeds about 

 2 mm. long. 18. V. striata 



d. Leaves thicker, less veiny, with flattened crenations ; stipules 0.5-1.3 cm. 

 long or an occasional one longer, toothed mostly toward the base ; 

 auricles of the sepals about 1 mm. long; seeds 1.5-1.8 mm. long. 

 e. Upper leaves ovate-reniform, bluntly acute or subapiculate. 



19. V. cons per sa 

 e. Upper leaves narrower and more pointed. 20. V. rostrata 



b. Stipules large, leaf-like, pectinate at base, the terminal lobe enlarged. 



21. V. arvensis 



1. V. cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet. 



Springy and boggy meadows and woodlands, in both acid and calcareous soils ; 

 common. May 10-June 10 ; cleist. June 15-July 15. 



Very generally distributed throughout the basin in the situations indicated ; less 

 abundant in calcareous soils; absent on the Renwick and Cayuga Marshes (?). 



Newf . and Que. to Ont., southw. in the nits, to Ga. ; common in granitic N. E. 

 and on the Coastal Plain. 



Ordinarily not difficult to recognize, but sometimes the petioles become villous 

 or the beard less knobbed. Such specimens may be of hybrid origin. 



2. V. affinis LeConte. 



Moist alluvial bottom-land woods, meadows, or pastures; rare. May 15-June 10; 

 cleist. June 15-July 15. 



Cayuga Marshes (K. M. IV., A. J. E., & L. F. Randolph) ; near Mud Pond, 

 Conquest. 



W. N. E. to Wis., southw. to Ga. and Ala. ; infrequent or rare on the Coastal 

 Plain. 



The distribution of this species in the Cayuga Lake Basin is not understood, and 

 it is probably more common than the above statement would indicate. Specimens 

 under the poplars at Mud Pond, McLean Bogs, resemble this species but differ 

 in some particulars. 



[V. nephrophylla Greene. Northern Bog Violet. 



House (Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 254, 1924) lists this species from Tompkins Co. 

 Extended search has not revealed it to the authors.] 



