The Fl,ora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 307 



3. V. latiuscula Greene. Broad-leaved Blue Violet. 



Dry open woods and banks, mostly in sandy or gravelly neutral soils ; infrequent. 

 May "15-June 10; cleist. July 15-Sept. 10. 



Thatcher Pinnacles ; Caroline Pinnacles ; n. side of Six Mile Creek, near Amphi- 

 theater ; woods n. side of Fall Creek, below Varna ; Renwick slope ; n. e. of Han- 

 shaw Corners ; near Wyckoff Swamp ; Ludlowville ; Tunius. 



W. Vt. to N. Y., southw. to Conn., n. N. J., and Pa. 



In summer the broad, short blades, which are unevenly ciliate, and the rather 

 slender, rough but not hairy, usually purple-based petioles, are characteristic. The 

 capsules are more like those of V. palmata and not so large as in V. sororia. 

 Hybrids with other species are frequent. Some specimens are very difficult t<> 

 distinguish from /*. palmata, var. dilatata, and may be glabrate, entire-leaved forms 

 of that variety. 



4. V. septentrionalis Greene. Northern Blue Violet. 



Dry or damp roadsides, pastures, and the borders of woods, in gravelly calcareous 

 or noncalcareous soils; frequent. May; cleist. June 15-July. 

 P. E. I. to Ont., southw. to Conn, and n. Pa. 



5. V. palmata L. (V. cucullata, var. palmata, of Cayuga Fl.) Palmate Violet. 



Dry rich woodlands or scrubby and grassy banks, in sandy or gravelly, nearly 

 neutral, soils, or in light soils mixed with some clay ; frequent. May ; cleist. June 

 20-July. 



In the more neutral gravels about Ithaca, on the stony soils along Cayuga Lake, 

 and at a few stations in the clay region, as n. e. of Hanshaw Corners and w. of 

 Asbury, also occasionally in sandy woods on the Ontario plain. Rarely recorded 

 from the ericaceous and chestnut soils s. of Ithaca, and not recorded from the McLean 

 region. 



W. Mass. to Minn., southw. along the mts. to Fla. ; infrequent on the Coastal 

 Plain. 



Hybrids between this species and V. sororia or V. latiuscula are apparently com- 

 mon. Thus, in a woodland just north of Esty Glen, and elsewhere, V . palmata var. 

 dilatata and V. sororia occur, and with them numerous plants showing combinations 

 of the characters of the two parents. In an open woodland northeast of Hanshaw 

 Corners, V. palmata, its var. dilatata, and V. latiuscula occur. Here there are 

 dozens of plants showing combinations of the characters of these two species. In 

 these hybrids the glabrous character of V. latiuscula is more or less dominant, 

 while the roughness of its petioles is almost entirely absent. Typical V . palmata 

 is not extremely stout, and has rather slender purple-based villous petioles, palmately 

 lobed dull-green ciliate villous blades, and short capsules. 



'5a. V. palmata L., var. dilatata Ell. (Including V. triloba Schwein. ?) 



In situations similar to the preceding ; occasional. 



Six Mile Creek, n. side near reservoir ; Fall Creek, below Varna ; Hanshaw 

 Corners ; n. of Esty Glen ; Glenwood Road. 



Range not known. 



The relation o£ this variety to V. latiuscula and V . sororia is not clear. Near 

 most of the stations were plants of V. latiuscula and also hybrids of V. latiuscula 

 or V. sororia with V. palmata. The leaves of both typical V. pahnata and its var. 

 dilatata are occasionally unlobed, but this condition is more frequent in var. dilatata. 



6. V. sororia Willd. (V. cucullata, in part, of Cayuga Fl.) Meadow Blue Violet. 

 Damp grassy roadsides, woodlands, fields, and along brooks, in rich alluvial or 



loamy soils ; common. May ; cleist. June 25-Sept. 10. 



Widely distributed throughout the basin in the proper soils ; abundant on the 

 bottom lands in the ravines, and in Renwick woods. 



