308 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



Mass. to Minn., southw. to N. C. and Okla. ; infrequent on the Coastal Plain. 



In this region it has been impossible to distinguish any form answering to V. 

 papilionacea. This may be a good species on the Coastal Plain, but certainly in 

 central N. Y. it cannot be separated from V. sororia. This latter species hybridizes 

 frequently with V . palmata, and probably with other species. Normal V. sororia 

 is coarse and tall in summer, with large, full, green, bullate leaves, rounded crena- 

 tions, and stout green petioles which are hairy above. The capsules are larger 

 and longer than in V. palmata, and may be either green or purple. In the more 

 rounded crenations of the leaves it differs from V. palmata, V. cucullata, and V. 

 septentrionalis. 



7. V. sagittata Ait., var. ovata (Nutt.) T. & G. (V. ovata of authors. V. fimbria- 



tula Smith.) Ovate-leaved Blue Violet. 



Dry pastures and banks, in sandy or gravelly acid soils; infrequent. May; cleist. 

 July-Aug. 



Frequent in the chestnut- vaccinium soils of the hills s. and s. e. of Ithaca ; absent 

 elsewhere, with the exception of the last station noted below: hilltops n. w. of North 

 Spencer; hill e. of Summit Marsh (DA); Thatcher Pinnacles (-D.!) ; Danby, s. e. 

 of village (D.) ; Caroline Pinnacles (D. !) ; near Key Hill; South Hill, near sur- 

 vey station 420 (DA.) ; near Buttermilk Glen (D. !) ; Cayuga Heights, along the 

 old street railway grade. 



N. S. to Wis., southw. to the mts. of Ga. ; common on the northern Coastal Plain. 



This variety grades into the typical form of V. sagittata in such a way that no 

 species line can be drawn between them. 



8. V. rotundifolia Michx. Stemless Yellow Violet. 



Damp rich woodlands and banks, in gravelly or loamy calcareous soils ; frequent. 

 Apr. 15-May 10; cleist. July-Sept. 



Confined mostly to the cool woods of the higher hills, coming down toward 

 Ithaca on the shaded south ravine slopes : North Spencer ; near Bald Hill, Caroline ; 

 Buttermilk Glen (D.) ; Lick Brook (£>.); Six Mile Creek {DA); Snyder Hill; 

 Dart Woods (D.) ; Mud Creek Swamp; around Woodwardia Bog; woods, McLean 

 Bogs ; Wyckoff Swamp. Absent on the ericaceous-chestnut soils. 



Me. to w. Ont., southw. along the mts. to n. Ga. ; rare on the Coastal Plain. 



9. V. Selkirkii Pursh. Great-spurred Violet. 



Damp rich humus and on rotting logs in deep woods at the foot of slopes, 

 especially under hemlocks, in limy regions; frequent. Apr. 15-May 15; cleist. July- 

 Aug. 



Enfield Glen, s. side below main falls (D. !) and near the lower end; ravine n. 

 of Buttermilk Glen (C. M. Doyle I); hilltop n. of Caroline; around Woodwardia 

 Bog; McLean Bogs, various localities s. and w. of Mud Pond; around Chicago 

 Bog ; Salmon Creek ravine, s. of Genoa ; and elsewhere. 



Greenland and N. B. to Minn., southw. to Pa. 



10. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. (V. blanda, in part, of Cayuga Fl.) White 

 Violet. 



Springy and boggy meadows and the borders of swamps, in calcareous or non- 

 calcareous soils ; common, and generally distributed. May-June 10 ; cleist. June 

 15-July. 



Lab. to Alberta, southw. to S. C, Tenn., and Colo. ; common in N. E. and on 

 some parts of the Coastal Plain. 



11. V. blanda Willd. (V. blanda, in part, of Cayuga Fl.) White Violet. 

 Humus in rich, chiefly drv, woodlands and ravines; frequent. May; cleist. June- 

 July. 



