354 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



9. Echium (Tourn.) L. 

 1. E. vulgare L. Blueweed. Blue Thistle. Blue Devil. 



A weed in gravelly fields and on gravelly banks ; occasional, but probably not 

 thoroughly established. June 20-July 20. 



Roadside, Besemer; field w. of Cortland marl ponds; railroad tracks near Mc- 

 Lean. 



N. S. to Out., southw. to N. C. and Nebr. ; locally abundant and troublesome. 

 Introduced from Eu. 



109. VERBENACEAE (Vervain Family) 

 1. Verbena (Tourn.) L. 



a. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, petioled or sessile. 



b. Spikes very slender, interrupted; flowers white. 1. V. urticaefolia 



b. Spikes thicker, dense ; flowers blue or purple, rarely white. 

 c. Plant sparingly rough-pubescent ; leaves petioled ; corolla 3^4 mm. in. diam. 



2. V. hastata 

 c. Plant velvety-pubescent ; leaves sessile ; corolla about 10 mm. in diam. 



3. V. stricta 



a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, sessile; flowers purple. \V. angustifolki] 



1. V. urticaefolia L. White Vervain. 



Roadsides, fields, and waste places, in rather dry rich soils with little reference 

 to lime content; common. July-Sept. 1. 



N. B. to S. Dak., southw. to Fla. and Tex. ; less common on the Coastal Plain, 

 and there mostly in cultivated or waste grounds. 



A form with pink flowers occurs at Mud Creek, Freeville (D.), and along 

 Beaver Brook. Plants which seem to be of hybrid origin are occasionally found 

 (see Dudley, Cayuga Fl. ; also, House, Bui. N. Y. State Mus. 254, 1924) : Tru- 

 mansburg ravine (D.) ; Taughannock Gorge; Lansing; Freeville (Peck). 



2. V. hastata L. Blue Vervain. 



Low grounds, in either sandy, gravelly, or loamy, neutral or subacid, soils, 

 occasionally in damp waste places ; common. June 20-Sept. 1. 



Generally distributed throughout the basin. 



N. S. to B. C, southw. to Fla., Nebr., and Ariz., including the. Atlantic Coastal 

 Plain. 



This appears to be chiefly var. panicnlata (Lam.) Farwell (Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

 2:60. 1901). 



3. V. stricta Vent. Hoary Vervain. 



A weed on sterile gravelly banks ; rare. July 20-Aug. 



Dry hillside pasture, s. side of lower Buttermilk Glen, 1917 (A. Gershoy), ap- 

 parently established; railroad track near Esty, 1915. Of recent introduction. 



Ont. and Ohio to N. Dak. and Wyo., southw. to Tenn., Tex., and N. Mex. 

 Naturalized as a weed farther eastw. 



[V. angustifolia Michx. 



A plant of this species was found in 1916 along the Lehigh Valley R. R. between 

 Renwick and the Ithaca station (/. Grossman & F. P. Metcalf) ; not seen since.] 



110. LABIATAE (Mint Family) 



a. Corolla with the upper lip appearing obsolete, the lower lip apparently 5-lobed ; 

 nutlets rugose-reticulate. 1. Teucrium 



