380 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



4. P. media L. Hoary Plantain. 



Gravelly lawns and fields ; rare. 



Grounds of President White Place, 1883 (F. L. Kilborne, D.) ; lawn, Barton 

 Place and Thurston Ave., Cornell Heights, 1913 (G. F. Atkinson in C. U. Herb.). 

 Me. to Ont, southw. to R. I. and N. Y. Adventive from Eurasia. 



5. P. LANCEOLATA L. RlB-GRASS. ENGLISH PLANTAIN. 



Roadsides, fields, and waste places ; very common. June-Aug. 

 Newf. to B. C., southw. to Fla. and Kans. Naturalized from Eurasia. 

 Occasional plants, as on Hibiscus Point, have shorter and blunter spikes (var. 

 sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch, see Rhodora 24:204. 1922). 



6. P. aristata Michx. 



Dry gravelly or sandy sterile roadsides and fields; rare. Tune-Tulv. 



Foot of Thatcher Pinnacles, -1905 (K. M. W. & E. M. Cipperly) ; South Hill, 

 near the marsh; Thurston Ave., formerly (1904, E. M. Cipperly in C. U. Herb.); 

 knoll s. w. of Mud Pond, McLean Bogs, 1914 (G. E. Douglas & C. C. Thomas). 

 Of recent introduction from the West. 



111. to B. C., southw. to La. and N. Mex. ; widely introduced in e. U. S. 



[P. arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Whorled Plantain. Sandwort. 



Edge of dump, lighthouse road, Ithaca, 1925, several plants (JV. C. Muenscher). 



Adventive from Eu.] 



118. RUBIACEAE (Madder Family) 



a. Leaves verticillate; fruit dry, of 2 twin carpels; herbs. 



b. Corolla rotate; sepals obsolete; flowers not involucrate. 1. Galium 



b. Corolla funnel-form; sepals lanceolate; flower cluster with a gamophyllous 

 involucre. 2. Sherardia 



a. Leaves opposite or sometimes in whorls of 3 ; fruit not as above. 



b. Plants trailing, with evergreen leaves ; fruit a berry produced from the fused 



ovaries of the two terminal flowers. 3. Mitchella 



b. Plants shrubby, erect, with deciduous leaves; fruit dry, splitting into in.de- 

 hiscent parts; flowers in heads. 4. Cephalanthus 



b. Plants herbaceous, erect; fruit a many-seeded capsule; flowers in cymes. 



5. Houstoxia 



1. Galium L. 



a. Ovary and fruit uncinate-hispid (obscurely so in no. 4). 

 b. Leaves 3-nerved (obscurely so in no. 3), not cuspidate. 



c. Flowers sessile, or nearly so, along the primary branches of the inflorescence, 

 purple or greenish j-ellow. 

 d. Leaves lanceolate; corolla deep purple, 3-5 mm. in diam. 



1. G. lanceolatnm 

 d. Leaves oval ; corolla greenish yellow, 2-2.5 mm. in diam. 



2. (7. circaezans 



c. Flowers panicled, pedicelled. 



d. Corolla greenish purple; leaves oval, pilose. 3. G. pilosum 



d. Corolla pure white; leaves narrowly lanceolate, glabrous. 



4. G. bo re ale 



b. Leaves 1 -nerved, cuspidate. 

 c. Leaves about 8 in each whorl, oblanceolate ; annuals. 5. G. Aparinc 



c. Leaves 6 in each whorl, elliptical ; perennials. triftorum 



