390 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



7. V. Lentago L. Nannyberry. Sheepberry. 



Thickets and stream banks, in rich moist alluvial soils or sometimes in clay ; 

 frequent, and generally distributed. May 15-June 15. 



Que. to Man., southw. to N. J., Ind., Kans., and Colo., and along the mts. to Ga. ; 

 infrequent or rare on the Coastal Plain. 



7. Sambucus (Tourn.) L. 



a. Inflorescence paniculate ; corolla lobes reflexed, turning dark in drying ; pith red- 

 dish ; fruit coral-red. 1. S. racemosa 



a. Inflorescence corymbose; corolla lobes spreading, not darkening in drying; pith 

 white ; fruit dark purple. 2. S. canadensis 



1. S. racemosa L. Red-berried Elder. 



Thickets, in rocky, stony, or gravelly, mostly neutral or acid, soils ; frequent. 

 May. 



Hilltops of Spencer, Danby, and Caroline ; South Hill ; Cascadilla Glen ; "Observa- 

 tion Hill," McLean; Shurger Glen; rare in the northern and eastern parts 

 of the basin. 



Newf. to B. C. or Alaska, southw. to Pa., Iowa, Colo., and Calif., and in the 

 mts. to Ga. 



2. S. canadensis L. Common Elder. 



Damp soils in fields, hedgerows, and lowlands, with little reference to lime con- 

 tent; frequent. June 20-July 20. 



Generally distributed throughout the basin, except in the more sterile soils. 

 N. S. to Man., southw. to Fla., Kans., and Ariz. ; frequent along the coast. 



120. VALERIANACEAE (Valerian Family) 



a. Sepals of several plumose bristles; ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded; some leaves 



pinnatifid. 1. Valeriana 



a. Sepals minute, not plumose; ovary 3-celled, 1-seeded; no leaves pinnatifid. 



2. Valerianella 



1. Valeriana (Tourn.) L. 



a. Basal leaves usually entire; corolla 6-7 mm. long. 1. V. uliginosa 



a. Basal leaves pinnate; corolla 4 mm. long. 2. V. officinalis 



1. V. uliginosa (T. & G.) Rydb. (V. sylvatica of Cayuga Fl.) Swamp Valerian. 

 Calcareous boggy places ; rare. June. 



In the Cayuga Lake Basin, confined to the Ontario plain, where it is frequent: "in 

 Herb, of J. J. Thomas, from Junius; probably 1827" (D.) ; Savannah, 1883 (Sart- 

 well, D.) ; swamp s. of South Butler in Savannah, 1916 (L. Griscom, F. P. Met- 

 calf, & A. H. Wright) ; Westbury Bog (A. H. Wright, A. J. E., & K. M. W.). 

 Distributed in N. Y. State from Bergen Swamp to Herkimer Co., and also at Pine 

 Plains, Dutchess Co. 



E. Que. to w. Ont. and Mich., southw. to Me., Vt., and cent. N. Y. 



2. V. officinalis L. Garden Valerian. False Heliotrope. 



Escaped from cultivation to roadsides and thickets, in rich calcareous regions ; 

 occasional. June 15-July 15. 



Roadside n. of Danby; Taughannock Gorge, in woods near hotel (D. !) ; near 

 Locke (D.). 



N. S. to N. J. and Ohio. Introduced from Eurasia. 



