The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 391 



2. Valerianella (Tourn.) Mill. 

 1. V. Locusta (L.) Betcke. (V. olitoria of Cayuga Fl.) Corn Salad. 



Fields and waste places, in rich gravelly soils ; rare. May. 



Mouth of ravine n. of Lick Rrook, 1912 (H. P. Brown)', roadside s. of Ithaca, 

 1892 (IV. IV. Rozvlee) ; pasture n. of lower Coy Glen, 1894 (K. M. IV.), 1919 (A. 

 H. Wright) ; Frontenac Island, 1882 (Mrs. S. J. Brun, /'.). 



Me. to Ont., southw. to N. J., Va., La., Ark., and Idaho. Naturalized from Eu. 



121. DIPSACACEAE (Teasel Family) 



a. Heads large, S— 10 cm. long, oblong, cone-like, many-flowered ; chaff among the 



flowers with conspicuous long stiff points; stems prickly. 1. Dipsacus 



a. Heads more globular, 1-2 cm. long, fewer-flowered ; chaff not as above ; stems not 



prickly. 



b. Chaff herbaceous, without rigid points; no leaves pinnatifid; calyx limb of 5 



minute teeth ; involucels prismatic. 2. Succisa 



b. Chaff wanting, but receptacle hairy ; leaves mostly pinnatifid ; calyx limb of 

 8-10 awns; involucels compressed. 3. Knautia 



1. Dipsacus (Tourn.) L. 



a. Chaff straight-pointed. 1. D. sylvestris 



a. Chaff with uncinate tips. [D. fullonum] 



1. D. sylvestris Huds. Wild Teasel. 



Pastures, roadsides, and fields, in rich damp clayey or mucky, probably calcareous, 

 soils ; rather common. July-Oct. 



Generally distributed throughout the basin, except in the sandy soils and in the 

 chestnut soils of the higher hills. 



Me. to Mich., southw. to N. C. ; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain. Naturalized 

 from Eurasia. 



[D. fullonum L. Fuller's Teasel. 



An occasional escape in regions where it is cultivated, as about Auburn and 

 Skaneateles.] 



2. Succisa (Rupp.) Neck. 



1. S. australis (Wulf.) Reichenb. (Scabiosa australis of Cayuga Fl.) Devil's 

 Bit. 



Wet sandy, more or less calcareous, soils; local. July 25-Scpt. 



Near the shore of Cayuga Lake from Farley Point and Lockwood Flats to Union 

 Springs and marsh n. of village (D. !), probably escaped from the garden of Prof. 

 J. J. Thomas at Union Springs, where it was grown early in the 19th century (D.) ; 

 Big Gully; Frontenac Island (D.) ; n. of Montezuma village. [Found also at Auburn, 

 1920 (Jennie B. Youngs).] 



Mass., N. Y., and Pa. Naturalized from Eu. 



3. Knautia L. 



1. K. arvensis (L.) T. Coult. Field Scabious. 



Dry waste places, in gravelly soils: rare. June. 



Cayuga Heights below Cayuga Heights Road, behind the residence of Prof. 

 Dietrich (A. J. E. & L. H. MacDanicls) ; abundant in this location. 



Newf. and N. E., to N. Y. and Pa. Adventive from Eu. 



This genus is apparently distinct from Scabiosa. 



