The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 399 



i. Branches of the panicle glabrous; panicle widely spreading; plants 

 of dry soil. 7. 5". juncea 



h. Lower leaves elliptic-oval, sharply and coarsely serrate ; branches 

 of the panicle pubescent; plants of dry soil. 8. S. arguta 



f. Foliage very scabrous ; stem strongly angled, especially above ; branches 

 of the panicle usually distant, generally strongly divaricate (see also 

 3d /). 9. 5". fatula 



f. Foliage crisp-puberulent, canescent. 10. 6'. nemoralis 



e. Leaves not markedly increasing in size downward ; lower and radical 

 leaves usually absent. 

 /. Leaves' rugose-veiny, not triple-ribbed. 



g. Stem villous. 11. S. rugosa 



g. Stem glabrous, or puberulent toward the summit. 



/;. Branches of the panicle short; rays about 4; plants of damp or 

 boggy soil. 11a. S. rugosa, 



var. sphagnophila 

 flowerless toward the base; rays 6-9; plants of dry rocky soil. 



12. S. ulmifolia 

 Ii. Branches of the panicle few, very long and wide-spreading, mostly 

 /. Leaves not rugose-veiny, triple-ribbed. 



g. Stem smooth and glaucous (except in the panicle) ; involucre 3.2-5 

 mm. long. 

 h. Leaves glabrous. 13. S. serotina 



h. Leaves pubescent on the veins beneath. 13a. 5". serotina, 



var. gigantea 

 g. Stem puberulent or villous, at least above, not glaucous. 



h. Involucre 3.2-4.5 mm. long ; leaves inconspicuously toothed ; stem 



crisp-pubescent. 14. S. altissima 



h. Involucre 2-2.8 mm. long ; leaves sharply toothed. 

 i. Stem sparingly crisp-pubescent above, glabrous below ; leaves 

 pubescent only along the veins beneath, narrow. 



15. S. canadensis 

 i. Stem villous above, pubescent to near the base ; leaves pubescent 

 all over beneath, often scabrous above, usually broader; plant 

 generally taller. 15a. S. canadensis, 



var. Hargeri 

 a. Heads corymbose. 



b. Heads separate; basal leaves enlarged. 16. S. ohioensis 



b. Heads in glomerules ; basal leaves not enlarged, mostly absent. 

 c. Branches of the inflorescence and leaves glabrous or very nearly so. 



17. 6". graminifolia 

 c. Branches of the inflorescence and leaves hirtellous. 17a. S. graminifolia, 



var. Nuttallii 



1. S. squarrosa Muhl. 



Dry stony or rocky sandstone crests and gravelly hillsides, often in open woods ; 

 frequent. Aug. 20-Sept. 



Higher hills s. of Ithaca, crests of most of the ravines of the basin, and along 

 the cliffs of Cayuga Lake : Connecticut Hill ; North Spencer ; White Church ; Cas- 

 cadilla Creek; Fall Creek; Kidders ; Paine Creek; and elsewhere. 



E. Que. to Ont., southw. to Va., Ga., and Ohio; rare or absent on the Coastal 

 Plain. An Alleghenian plant of noncalcareous regions. • 



2. S. bicolor L. 



Open thickets and the borders of woods, in dry, thin, sandy or gravelly, acid or at 

 least sterile, soils ; common. Aug. 15-Sept. 25. 



