454 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



occur on the Ontario plain, 5 in the lake valley, and 4 on the hills. Of the salt 

 plants, 21 are found on the Ontario plain, 7 in the lake valley, and none on the 

 hills or in the ravines. The coastal and salt plants are chiefly of wet soil, the ratio 

 being 32 in wet soil, 12 in bogs, and 7 in dry soil. 



The rare plants of dry soil (201), nearly one-half of the entire list, are strongly 

 dicotyledonous. Distinctly the largest number (117) occur in the lake valley, while 

 only 66 are found on the Ontario plain, 87 on the hills, and 89 in the ravines. Of 

 these dry-soil plants, almost an equal number are southern (55), central (55), and 

 western (50), while the northern (29) and coastal (7) plants are distinctly less 

 numerous. Of the dry-soil plants of northern range, by far the largest number 

 occur on the hills (18) or in the ravines (16), with only 3 on the Ontario plain and 

 8 in the lake valley. The southern species are found more abundantly in the lake 

 valley (42), though many occur in the ravines (25) and on the Ontario plain (27). 

 A distinctly smaller number (17) of southern plants occur on the hills. The dry- 

 soil plants of western affinity are most abundant in the lake valley (39) and are 

 fairly abundant in the ravines (2S), while the number on the Ontario plain (7) and 

 on the hills (12) is small indeed. Judging from the dry-soil plants alone, apparently 

 the best indicators, the Ontario plain is much more southern (27) than northern 

 (3 i. the Cayuga Lake Valley is very strongly southern (42 southern, 8 northern) 

 and western (39), while the hills are almost equally northern (18) and southern 

 (17) and fairly strongly western (.12). The ravines harbor many rare plants of 

 southern and western affinity in about equal numbers, and a moderate number of 

 northern plants, this condition being probably due to protection from extremes of 

 climate and to the diversity of conditions on the northern and the southern slopes. 

 The sun-parched northern wall is suitable for southern plants, while the sun-screened 

 southern wall often harbors plants of the Canadian Life Zone. 



In this study the authors were surprised to find so many western plants in the lake 

 valley, but a greater surprise was the very weakly northern nature of the dry-soil 

 hill flora (18 northern, 17 southern). If it were not for the wet-soil plants of the 

 lulls (19 northern, 7 southern), the general belief that the hill flora represents a 

 more northern life zone would be scarcely well founded. Yet some elements of the 

 plateau flora, especially toward McLean, and also the fauna of that same region, 

 indicate a distinct Canadian element on the plateau. 4S 



The rarer northern plants finding their southern limit in central Xew York, or 

 in a few cases extending to northern Pennsylvania, number about 44. These are 

 given in the following list. Many more extend only into Pennsylvania or northern 

 Xew Jersey. 



Equisetum palustre Scirpus pauciftorus 



Lycopodium annotinum Scirpus hudsonianus 



Juniperus communis, var. depressa Scirpus rubrotinctus 



Potamogcton alpinus EriopJionim viridi-carinatum 



Potamogcton Friesii Carex gytiocratcs 



Potamogcton vaginatus Carex Crazvfordii 



Triglochin palustris Carex Dczveyana 



Glyceria Fernaldii Carex capillaris 



Glyceric, borealis Carex cryptolepis 



Cglamagrostis hyperborea Carex Ocdcri, var. pumila 



Cinna latifolia Carex Pscudo-Cyperus 



Zizania palustris J uncus alpinus. and vars. 



ffl Compare Dudley, W. R., The Cayuga Flora (introduction) ; also Reed, Hugh D.. and Wright, 

 Albert H.. The Vertebrates of the Cayuga Lake Basin, X. Y. (Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc. 

 1909). Dudley does not definitely assert that the hill flora is northern, but he fre- 

 quently speaks of the "cold swamps" of the McLean region. He notes the occurrence of 

 southern plants in the lake valley. 



