468 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



Dudley have subsequently been discovered and added to the flora, but these have 

 been remarkably few. . The present list is further increased by certain varie- 

 ties and species recognized by Dudley but not given names or numbers in his 

 list. Varieties in Dudley's Flora which were based on color differences alone, have 

 been reduced to forms and are not enumerated in the present list. A few of the 

 species of Dudley's Flora have also been omitted in the present list, for reasons dis- 

 cussed elsewhere. The following synopsis gives an analysis of the increase in the 

 present flora. The numbers given include both species and varieties. Lists and dis- 

 cussions of some of these groups of plants follow the synopsis. 51 



Segregates recognized since Dudley's time 177 



Plants listed by Dudley, but with no number; now recognized and numbered.... 23 

 Plants new to the flora: 



Overlooked by Dudley 33 



Recently introduced: 



Native in surrounding region 9 



Foreign or from other parts of the United States, including escaped 



cultivated plants 128 



Vascular cryptogams 60 



Total new plants added 430 



Less numbered species and varieties dropped from Dudley's Flora 60 



Difference in number between Dudley's Flora and the present one 370 



NEW AND APPARENTLY ESTABLISHED WEEDS 



The weed flora has increased greatly during the past thirty-nine years. Plants 

 already established have become more numerous and have spread throughout the basin ; 

 also, many new weeds have come in, and the persistence and increase of these has 

 been watched and recorded. The dates of advent of some of the newer plants (based 

 on the first collection known to the authors) are given in the data covering the 

 distribution of each species. These dates probably show the approximate period of 

 introduction. 



During the past ten years, certain species have been noticed to become more 

 abundant and to spread over large areas of new territory. The following are 

 examples : Hieracium pratcnse, known a few years ago only in the extreme southern 

 part of the basin, has migrated rapidly northward and is now frequent throughout 

 the southern section. Epilobium hirsutnm is cited by Dudley as having been reported 

 from Ithaca in 1874, but it was not known to him and probably has become established 

 here since 1886; it is now abundant at the northern end of Cayuga Lake and in 

 recent years has spread southward, having reached Summit Marsh at the extreme 

 southern limit of the basin. Pcnstcmon laevigatus, var. Digitalis, has in the 

 past few years become a common weed of moist pasture lands in the southern, eastern, 

 and central parts of the basin. Carex contigua is becoming a frequent roadside and 

 lawn weed about Ithaca and Union Springs. Solatium carolinense is becoming 

 frequent in fields throughout the region. Cuphea petiolata has spread, in a very 

 few years, from a small roadside patch over acres of clayey hayfields. Serapius 

 Helleborine may be called a weed orchid ; it appears to be spreading rapidly in rich, 

 sheltered woodlands, and a large patch has been found flourishing along a roadside, 

 very weed-like in appearance and in habitat. 



" The lists of species and varieties which follow this synopsis do not always represent the 

 groups segregated in the synopsis. They have been compiled on somewhat different bases. 



