SYSTEMATIC BOTANY OF PEAS, AND THEIR ALLIES 



17 



3. Pisum sativum subsp. syriacum Berger nom. 

 now— P. humile Boiss. & Noe, Diagn. II 2:45. 1856. 

 Not P. humile Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. No. 2. 1768. 



Annual herb. 30-40 cm high, branched from the base, slightly 

 glaucous; stems flexuous, comparatively robust: stipules semi-ovate, 

 semi-cordate at the base, with several deltoid, unequal teeth on 

 the outer margin of the ± pointed basal lobe, shortly acuminate, 

 mucronate, the largest about 4 cm long; petiole exceeding the 

 stipules, with 1, 2, or 3 pairs of leaflets, ending in a 3- or 5-branched 

 tendril: leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, broader at the base, obtuse 

 but rarely rounded, shortly mucronate, entire or the lower ones 

 toothed, 20-25 cm long; peduncles 1-2 flowered, longer than the 

 stipules: pedicels about as long as the calyx; flowers medium sized, 

 16-20 mm long; calyx lobes slightly exceeding the tube; standard 

 notched, pale lilac, wings purplish, longer than the keel; pods 

 straight; seeds "globular, brown, marbled with green, finely 

 granulate." 



Armenia, northern Syria, Mesopotamia, etc., on 

 rocky soil. 



This comes nearer to Pisum sativum elatius and 

 P. sativum arvense than to PJfulvum, but it is lower, 

 has smaller flowers, the leaflets entire, and differently 

 colored seeds. 



4. Pisum sativum subsp. elatius (Stev.) Alef. 

 Landw. Fl. 44. 1866.— P. elatius Stev. in Marsch.- 

 Bieb., FL Taur. 2:151. 1808. P. elatum Ser. in DC. 

 Prodr. 2:368. 1825. P. variegatum Presl. FL Sic. 

 1 :13. 1826. P. arvense variegatum Guss. Fl. Sic. 

 Syn. 2:279. 1843. P. Tuffetii Less. FL Rochef. 170. 

 1835. P. granulation Lloyd FL Loir. 75. 1844. 



Stems robust, 0.50-1.20 m high, more or less glaucous; stipules 

 4-6 cm long, half-ovate, obtuse or pointed, basal lobes rounded 

 and sometimes overlapping, on the outer margin sharply and 

 irregularly toothed, teeth deltoid, unspotted ; petioles longer than 

 the stipules, with 2 or usually 3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets ovate ellipti- 

 cal, obtuse or truncate, mucronate, mostly with a few remote and 

 shallow irregular teeth, 2-4.5 cm long; peduncles exceeding the 

 petioles, sometimes as long as the leaf or longer, 1-3 flowered; 

 flowers large, 3 cm long; standard broadly orbicular, deeply notched, 

 pale lilac to violet -rose colored with somewhat darker veins; wings 

 dark purple or blackish-purple; keel pinkish or greenish; pod linear, 

 slightly curved or straight up to 10 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, 

 blackish; seeds remote, almost globular, finely verruculose, brown 

 or black, or marbled with darker spots. 



From the Mediterranean region to Asia Minor, 

 the Caucasus, Syria, Persia, as far east as the Himalaya 

 and Tibet (Prov. of Ladak), and northern Africa, 

 generally in woods, on meadows, in hedges, etc., and 

 usually not on fields. 



Rather variable. The following forms are men- 

 tioned: 



a.) Forma biflorum Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. 6 2 : 

 1065. 1910.— P. biflorum Raf. Caratt. 71. 1810. P. 

 elatius leiospermum Rouy & Fouc. Fl. France 5:282. 

 1899. 



Seeds quite smooth, mostly greenish, marbled with 

 brown and with fine black stripes. 



This form occurs in southern Tyrol and in Istria. A fur- 

 ther particular white-flowered form of this is: forma albi flora 

 Beck, which appeared in cultivation. 



b.) Forma Sanctae-Notburgae Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mittel- 

 europ. Fl. 6 2 :1065. 1910.— P. biflorum var. Sanctae- 

 Notburgae Pfaff & Murr. Alleg. Bot. Zeits. l.'5:24. 1907. 



Leaflets in 2-3 pairs, peduncles 1 -flowered; seeds some- 

 what flattened by pressure, smooth, not striped. Has also been 

 observed in Tyrol and Istria. 



Pisum sativum elatius is a robust plant, with wiry 

 stems, and internodes often 10-12 cm long. The leaflets, 

 though sometimes quite entire, almost always show a few 

 dentate. The flowers are large and showy but variable in 

 color. The peduncles usually, but not always, greatly exceed 

 the stipules. 



5. Pisum sativum subsp. arvense Poir. Encycl. 

 5:456. 1804.— P. arvense L., Sp. PL 727. 1753. 

 P. sativum speciosum Alef. Landw. Fl. 41. 1866 

 partly. 1 



Field Pea. Stems robust, 30-90 cm long or more; stipules 

 large, oblong, often somewhat pointed, with the basal lobes variously 

 rounded or acutish, overlapping or not, irregularly dentate on the 

 outer side of the base, and with a purple blotch around the stem, 

 up to about 5 cm long; petiole with 2-3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets ± 

 elliptical or ovate-elliptical, usually broader near the base and nar- 

 rowed towards the top, obtuse or somewhat pointed, mucronate 

 often but not always remotely and shallowly dentate, up to about 

 4.5 cm long; peduncles variable in length sometimes not exceeding 

 the stipules, 1-2 (occasionally 3) flowered; flowers large, standard 

 whitish, bluish, or purplish, with violet veins, greenish below; wings 

 deep purple; keel greenish; pod up to 10 cm long or more; seeds 

 angular, brown or dark spotted, smooth. 



Europe as far north as Scandinavia and through 

 Russia, and probably through northern Asia; spon- 

 taneously or as a weed on fields, often as an escape from 

 cultivation. Cultivated in all this area and also in 

 tropical Africa (specimens from Uganda, Lake Edward, 

 in Herb. Kew.) 



Of the many varieties recorded the following seem 

 to be the most important ones: 



5a.) var. quadratum Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. 

 6 2 :1066. 1910. — Pisum vulgare arvense ,J quadratum 

 Miller; F. A. Schwarz FL NUrnb.-Erl. 2:207. 1899; 

 ? P. borussicum Hort., ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2. 2:345. 

 1841; ? P. sativum borussicum Alef. Landw. Fl. 49. 1866; 

 P P. bunctatum Hort. 

 Plants tall and robust; stipules large, obtuse, serrate in the 



lower third; leaflets in 2(-3) pairs, remote, large, ovate, truncate or 



emarginate; seeds large, cubical or almost globular, yellowish brown, 



grey, greenish, yellowish, or densely marbled with darker blotches, 



often almost black when old. 



5b.) var. leptolobum Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. 

 6 2 :1066. 1910.— Pisum vulgare arvense » leptolobum 

 F. A. Schwarz Fl. Nurnb.-Erl. 2:207. 1899.— P. lepto- 

 lobum Camer. ex Rechb. Fl. Germ. Ex. 533. 1832; 

 P. sativum capucinorum Alef. Landw. Fl. 42. 1866. 

 " sugar pea." " Sichelerbse, Zuckererbse " (Germ.). 

 Rather tall; leaflets in 2-3 pairs; pods falcate, tender and 



sweet without parchment-like lining; seeds brownish or greenish 



gray and spotted. 



Here belongs part of Sturtevant's Pisum macrocarpon 



(Rept. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Geneva N. Y. 3:238.) 1885, i.e. 



those with colored flowers and dark seeds. 



There exist dwarf forms with closely approximate leaflets. 



1 The following are probably forms of P. sativum arvense: P. sativum var. serratum Alef. Landw. Fl. 41. 1866. Weak, at 

 most 2 feet high; lower leaves with 1 pair, upper ones with 2 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet with 6-7 sharp lateral teeth, the largest 

 leaflets about 18 mm long and 8 mm wide; flowers and fruit not known. India; Ganges valley, leg. Schlagintweit. — P. sativum sube- 

 foliatum Alef. I.e. 41, seems to be a strange small leaved form It was collected by Schlagintweit in Tibet near Leh, Prov. of Ladak.— 

 Besides these and many others Alefeld (I.e. 42) describes a P. sativum smyrnense, said to be 6-7 feet tall, with deep purple flowers 

 and dark blood red seeds with a black hilum. 



