48 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



plump, and contained more and larger peas, both pods 

 and peas being somewhat better in color 



The strain grown by the Station in 1884 seems to 

 have been lighter in color of foliage, pods and peas than 

 either of those grown recently, and intermediate in 

 height and pod size between these two strains. 



The better strain, Simon's Fillbasket, was 4 4' u . feet tall: 

 stem stout, with few medial branches; foliage abundant to dense, 

 dark green, slightly glaucous and whitened, with 4 5 very large 

 leaflets, and large, deeply clasping stipules; flowers at the 12th 

 node, pods paired on long, thick stalks; 3 1 , to 4 1 , inches long. 

 broad, moderately plump, straight, with long rounded to rounded 

 cn.ls. only moderately well filled, peas 6-8, large, rounded oblong, 

 medium green. Seeds varied in color from cream to dark green, 

 oval to oblong in shape, semi-smooth to slightly wrinkled. Nine 

 weeks or more were needed for marketable pods, but the plants 

 nued to produce for three weeks giving splendid crops, — 

 among the best. 



Telegraph. Refs. 64-70. This Telegraph, pre- 

 cursor of the familiar Telephone, is entirely distinct 

 from the older, little-known, smooth-seeded pea of the 

 same name. It originated before 1877' with Culverwell, 

 probably from a Veitch Perfection x Laxton Prolific 

 Long-pod cross, and was introduced by Carter. It was 

 decidedly the best of the dimpled peas of its time, with 

 a very strong stem, usually branched, 4 5 feet tall. 

 covered with fine dark green foliage, and producing 

 abundantly long, broad, plump pods, straight or slightly 

 curved, dark green in color and well filled with large, 

 oblong or slightly compressed peas, of better quality 

 than any but those of the true wrinkled type. 



It was widely grown in England, and to some extent 

 in France, while it flourished in America from 1882, at 

 first under its own name, but later, and more generally, 

 under Cleveland's synonym. Long Island Mammoth 

 or Marrowfat i, under which name it is still usually 

 listed here. 



It was grown at the Station from 1882 1884 under 

 its own name, and during our recent tests under the 

 synonym. The old description might almost be substi- 

 tuted for the one lately made tho the latter shows 

 some deterioration in decreasing size of pods and peas. 



Improved Telegraph, New Telegraph and Super- 

 Telegraph have been introduced at various times, and 

 have maintained the good qualities of the original 

 Telegraph, if, indeed, they have not improved them in 

 the direction of shortening the vines, lowering the 

 flowering node, lengthening the pods, removing the tip- 

 ward taper, and making them more uniform, increasing 

 the size of the peas and improving color of both pods 

 and peas. All the strains fail, at the Station, to give 

 the full, many-seeded, plump pods secured in England. 



It remains, however, rather more productive than 

 Telephone. 



Pride <>f th<- Market. Refs. 76: Jour. Roy. 

 Hort. Soc. .'U:717. 1910; Burpee Cat. 1886; Gard. 

 Chron. 3rd ser. 22:276. 1877. This pea is credited 

 by Sutton to Culverwell, while a French reference 



says it is Laxton's; but it is generally given as Carter's 

 Pride of the Market since that firm introduced it about 

 1881, when it was given a First Class Certificate by the 

 Royal Horticultural Society. It came to America very 

 promptly. 1883, and is still listed here, tho the seed we 

 received from a prominent firm, on plants from which 

 we based our description sheets, proves not to have been 

 true to name. The description here given is, therefore, 

 that secured in 1925 on a visit to the test plats of the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture at McMillan, Mich. 

 This corresponds very closely to Prof. Goff's description 

 made in 1884. 



A very vigorous dwarf pea. l'j to 1 :i i feet tall: stem stout, 

 upright, not needing support, often with both basal and medial 

 branches; foliage abundant, light green, consisting of large, rather 

 broad leaflets in 4s and slightly larger, whitened stipules with very 

 shallow teeth on the lower half of the margin; pods usually single, 

 on short heavy stalks, almost straight, 4 to 4'| inches long with 

 rather long necks, broad, tapering gradually to rounded or blunt 

 ends with very short straight tips, dark green in color with much 

 bloom; frequently with a slight curve in the dorsum toward the tip 

 giving a peculiar sharpened or " beaked " appearance; peas 5 or 

 G 4 8, Goff . pale green, ovate, compressed; seeds large > 72 to 

 ounce , dull green or variously tinted to creamy white, and dimpled 

 or somewhat wrinkled. 



It is moderately prolific, ready in midseason, and 

 ripening rather gradually. 



Another Pride of the Market recently tested at 

 Wisley, England, originated in Australia; and is later 

 and poorer in color of both pods and peas than the one 

 here described. 



Earl) Bird. Refs. 76; Gard. Chron. 'n. ser.) 

 28:618. 1887; Bolgiano. J. Cat. 1918. Early Bird is 

 referred to as " from Mr. Berberry " but he is not 

 given as originator, and Knight's not Thos. Andrew 

 Knight, breeder of wrinkled peasi Early Bird, grown here 

 from seed produced on the United States Department 

 of Agriculture plats at McMillan, Mich., proved to be 

 identical with our true Early Bird. The variety is 

 said to be a Kenilworth x Advancer cross, and to be of 

 as good quality as the latter pea or Telephone, but not 

 as good as Ne Plus Ultra. The first reference we have 

 to it was in 1884; but it seems to have been long in reach- 

 ing America, apparently not listed before 1917. By 

 some seedsmen Early Bird and Acquisition are held 

 synonymous. 



As with Pride of the Market, seed untrue to name 

 was received here for testing but this was discovered in 

 time for a test of the true variety to be made in 1926. 

 This supports the English characterizations of it as a 

 dw-arf, improved William the First. 



Height, 1 to lJi feet: much branched; pods rather variable, 

 some more than 4 inches long and others just above 3 inches, 

 broad, moderately plump, slightly curved toward the tip, filled to 

 the edge but not to the exceedingly long rounded end; peas 4 to 7 

 of which one or more at tip and at base were often abortive mak- 

 ing the average of good peas about 5), large, round, oval, somewhat 

 flattened, and only medium green in color, as are the pods. Pods 

 could be harvested in early midseason and the crop was only fair. 



' The date of origin is sometimes given as 1868, but unless it was very slowly developed this is probably incorrect, as Carter's adver- 

 t in 1878 calls it "new and distinct" and prices packets of it as 3s 6d 80c ; and Hogg, in 1873, mentions only the old 

 Telegraph. 



