56 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



medium green foliage: flowers begin at the 14th node, on long, 



slender stalks and oi>en widely making them very prominent i pods 



single, or rarely paired, about 3 inches long, slender but plump, 



n, straight or vers gently curved for their 



full length, very well tilled to the square ends with large tips, light 



green peas average almost 8 to the pod. very uniform, 



im in sire, much compressed and indented, oval from hilum 



whitish green in ding color very well in cooking, 



only fair in quality, with little sweetness; seeds correspond to the 



peas in shape, are heavily wTinkled. and show a very faint bluish 



shade over the light cream color. The variety is late and matures 



slowly, the entire crop being only fair to good. 



Prince of Wales. Refs. 85; Hogg Gard. Yr. 

 Bk. 14:97. 1873; Rural N. Y. 1:5:737. 1884. Great 

 confusion exists in pea literature in regard to Princess, 

 Princesse. Princess Royal. Princess of Wales and Prince 

 of Wales; but the relationships are probably about as 

 follows: An old Prince of Wales, credited to Hurlstone, 

 was introduced before 1846 and more or less grown for 

 a decade. It is noticed under the Extra Early group, 

 being apparently a good type of Early Frame. Princess 

 was probably an erroneous American synonym for this 

 pea; as neither Princess Royal nor Princess of Wales 

 could very well have reached America when Princess 

 was listed in 1861 as an " extra early." Princess Royal, 

 a McLean pea, was introduced about 1860, was of the 

 American Marrow type, and is described in that group. 

 Sutton's Princess of Wales was a green wrinkled pea, 

 much like Advancer, introduced about 1864. It is dis- 

 cussed on p. 104. 



The Prince of Wales here described originated with 

 Dr. McLean previous to 1865 as a cross between Beck 

 Gem and some good marrow pea. He sold the stock 

 to Turner and the latter placed it in commerce thru 

 various seedsmen, including Sutton, so it is frequently 

 known as Sutton's Prince of Wales. Hogg says Prince 

 of Wales was a finely selected stock of Alliance, later 

 and with better filled pods; but this statement may be 

 based on external resemblance only, without a definite 

 knowledge as to history. It was introduced into Amer- 

 ica about 1884 and has since been widely grown both in 

 gardens and as a canners' pea. Two strains of it have 

 been grown here in our tests, and an additional one on 

 our canning pea plats. Only slight differences in the 

 strains were noticed, these being largely variations in 

 size of seeds and peas, but one strain was distinctly, tho 

 very slightly, earlier than the other two strains grown 

 beside it. One strain was exceptionally susceptible to 

 root -rot. 



Height about 3 feet, support desirable in row culture but the 

 tips of the vines grow erect in the field so that the pods, starting 

 above the 13th node, are readily harvested: foliage medium green, 

 abundant to dense, not specially characteristic; pods often paired, 

 from 3 to 3 ' 4 inches long, medium in width and plumpness, 

 straight, hardly well filled, light in color, peas about 5, large, 



smooth, oval-oblong, whitish green or light green, of good 

 quality: seeds cream -colored, usually with some distinctly shaded 

 light green, very large, round oval or oblong, coarsely wrinkled. 



i late pea. requiring 70 days to first filled pods in the gar- 



;o canning maturity, gives heavy crops in long, moist 



« r« on« . but suffers when hot weather sets in before the pods have 



begun to fill as happens frequently with a variety so late in 



mat'-- 



TALL PEAS 

 lla\ Mammoth. Ref. 73. Hogg in 1873 said: 

 " We have known this variety of pea for the last thirty- 

 five years; and we cannot tell how long it had existed 

 before that," but gives its history as having been first 

 obtained by Anderson, from a small gardener in Batter- 

 sea Fields. About 1873 it appeared as Ward Incom- 

 parable and was sold for a high price, and ten years later 

 under the name Will Watch it brought two or three times 

 its cost as Mammoth. 



According to Hogg: Height 6 to 7 feet, very strong and 

 vigorous, with three or four lateral branches when thinly sown, as 

 long and productive as the main stem; pods produced in succession 

 over a long season, generally in pairs, sometimes single, 3 , to 4 ' , 

 inches long, quite broad, somewhat curved, blunt -ended with small 

 tip, bright green in color; peas about 7, of delicious flavor, over half 

 an inch long, nearly as wide and almost as thick as wide; seeds white, 

 wrinkled. It was a most abundant bearer and latest of the marrows. 



Fairbeard Nonpareil. Refs. 87; Burr Fid. Card. 

 Veg. 537. 1863. Fairbeard Nonpareil has had a 

 long life, as it originated previous to 1853, was listed in 

 England at least as late as 1923, and was grown here in 

 1926, from seed produced on the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture plats. In 1853 Fairbeard announced the 

 intended sending out of Non Pareil that season, and it 

 was advertised as new the following year by Sutton. 

 It has a continuous record since that time, either in 

 England or on the continent, but was probably never 

 widely grown in America, altho described by Burr. 



In our test: Height 3'i feet; stems slender, occasionally 

 branched at the base; foliage medium in amount and color, with 

 4 to 6 small leaflets and much larger, round-tipped stipules, neither 

 whitened, but both glaucous, the stipules decidedly so; flowers small, 

 appearing ruffled thru folded edges of the wing petals, from 13th 

 node, either single or paired on very long, slender stalks; pods very 

 uniform, short, 2}> to 2"* inches or occasionally even shorter, 

 narrow, or slender, but plump, straight or very slightly curved, 

 very well filled to the square ends which have comparatively large 

 tips, light green in color; peas averaging nearly 6, medium to small 

 in size, smooth-surfaced, indented in the best filled pods, oval from 

 hilum to tip, and light green in color; seeds indistinguishable from 

 those of Champion of Scotland and British Queen. It is a taller 

 pea than the former and rather earlier in season than the latter, 

 coming in midseason, and still, tho past " three score years and 

 ten," giving very good crops. 



KNIGHT MARROWS 

 Although wrinkled peas existed before his time, 

 Thomas Andrew Knight gave to the world the first group 

 of named varieties of this type previous to 1828. The 

 history of Knight's experiments with peas is given 

 under the general history of peas (p. 8), and it is only 

 necessary to say here that the Knight Marrow described 

 below is probably the second of the six or more varieties 

 he segregated: Tall and Dwarf, — White, Blue and 

 Green, — Wrinkled Marrows. His Dwarf Marrow, with 

 cream -colored seeds was first offered in America by 

 Thorburn in 1828, so has been in existence over a century 

 and known in this country for nearly that. It is no 

 longer listed here; but seed of Knight Marrow from 

 Holland came to this Station through the Minnesota 

 Station in 1923; while Jenny Lind, regarded as a synonym, 

 probably of the Tall White Marrow, was grown here in 



