64 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



shire Hero originated with Dickson (3) about 1862, and 

 reached America about 10 years later. It is still much 

 grown in both countries, Laxtonian and Sutton Excelsior 

 being the only peas of this group more often listed in 

 America. It is widely grown on the Pacific Coast. 

 It was tried at this Station in 1884, in 1893 for World's 

 Fair display, and in our recent tests. The descriptions 

 as far as details were given for the early trial, agree almost 

 perfectly. It is evidently very well established in type. 



Taller than H Market Garden. 2>2 to 3 feet: stem 



stouter, holding plants more erect; foliage rather less abundant, 

 with a bluish tint over the dark green, with long leaflets usually in 

 6s, and sharp-tipped stipules; flowers higher on the stem, 14th or 

 15th node; pods sometimes paired, borne on moderately long, 

 heavy stalks, very slightly longer than those of Horsford, 3 to 3 - 

 inches, uniform, rather broader, and with round to blunt, rather 

 than blunt to square, ends: peas seldom exceed 5 in number, among 

 the largest, almost square by compression, oval to oblong longi- 

 tudinally, and light green in color: seeds nearly twice as large as 

 those of Horsford, much indented but still quite thick, broadly- 

 oval to oblong, from very light cream or bluish cream to light green, 

 moderately and rather coarsely wrinkled. It varies but little in 

 season from Horsford Market Garden, sometimes rather earlier; and 

 still gives very' good crops tho the pods are not always well filled. 



Hogg says indistinguishable from Prolific Long-pod 

 except for green seeds. 



Austral, mentioned without description in a Pacific 

 Coast seedsman's list, is described in the 1922 catalog of 

 F. Cooper, Wellington, N. Z., as an improved, dark green, 

 giant-podded Yorkshire Hero. 2 1 .. feet tall, superior in 

 size, color and flavor, with much larger, more attractive 

 pods, a week or more earlier and quite as hardy. 



Dwarf Champion and Dwarf Champion of 

 England. Refs. 73 76. Whether one variety or two 

 are designated by these names, is now impossible to say; 

 or, at least, to say which of the two or more strains of 

 Dwarf Champion now grown corresponds to either name. 



As grown at this Station in 1888. Dwarf Champion 

 of England seems quite distinct from Dwarf Champion 

 grown in 1884; but Gregory in his catalog of 1885 uses 

 both names for the same variety. 



From the early Station descriptions Dwarf Champion of 

 England is short-stemmed, with very short internodes and remark- 

 ably short peduncles, 1 inch, supporting 1 ' _> to 3 inch pods, borne 

 high on stem, paired, numerous, distinctly paler than foliage, 

 straight, very plump, but not always well filled, with tip toward 

 center of pod: peas 3 to 6, very large and much compressed; seeds 

 much flattened and wrinkled, mostly white. 



Dwarf Champion was 1 to 2 feet taller, with rather slender 

 stems, internodes sometimes 4 inches long, and peduncles 2 to 

 3 inches, with single pods 2 ' ■• to 3 inches long, very blunt at apex, 

 slightly paler than the foliage, with 4 to 6 whitish green peas and 

 small, very much wrinkled seeds showing two shades of cream. 



In recent tests, two Dwarf Champions show somewhat 

 similar differences in height of plant. 1 ' _, to 2 feet, and 2 3 4 feet 

 respectively, in node of first flower. 11 and 16 17. but the pods 

 differ by only about a quarter-inch in length, tho pea and seed 

 differences, especially in size of seeds sown, are more marked but 

 tend to disappear with cultivation under the same conditions. 



The pods of the small-seeded strain are more like those of the 

 Gem Group, of the large-seeded one more like Stratagem: but owing 

 to the similarity of name and possible identity of varieties, it has 

 seemed best to place both in this group and section. Both strains 



ready in late midseason and were rated as fair or good in 



Horsford Markt-i Garden. Ref. 77. This well- 

 known and useful canning pea is also widely grown in 

 private and market gardens. In 1879 Horsford crossed 

 Alpha and American Wonder and from one pea of three 

 in a pod produced Racket, and from two of them grew 

 Market Garden. The two plants selected were so much 

 alike that both were used to develop stock for the new 

 variety, which was introduced in 1883 and 1884. The 

 description of the variety as grown at the Station in 

 1884 differs from that made in our late tests only in pods 

 shorter by more than a quarter-inch, containing fewer 

 and larger peas, and ripening over a longer season, these 

 changes evidently being due to selection in the variety 

 in recent years for canning-crop needs. From the three 

 strains grown here the following description is made, 

 modified slightly by differences noted elsewhere in large- 

 area growth. 



Height of plant 2 to 2 1 > feet; stem moderately stout, round at 

 the base, angular above, with short internodes, drooping, support 

 useful but not necessary in garden culture, unnecessary in the 

 field, branched both at base and above; foliage abundant to dense, 

 dark green, small regular leaflets in 4s, occasionally in 5s, rarely 

 whitened or glaucous, and slightly larger stipules rounded or even 

 blunt at the tips, clasping the stem rather lightly, somewhat whitened 

 and slightly glaucous, with quite large, wide teeth half way up the 

 outer edge; tendrils rather prominent; flowers white, from about 

 the 9th node, single or in pairs on long, heavy stalks; pods short - 

 necked, arising from receptacles small for the size of the pods. 

 2 ", to 3'| inches long with us, under better conditions 3' 4 to ZYi 

 inches, rather broad, plump, giving round oval or almost round 

 cross sections, ventrum and dorsum very slightly curved in parallel, 

 making an almost straight, regular pod. blunt or almost square at the 

 end, with a rather prominent tip, between light green and medium 

 green in color; peas 7 to 8, above medium in size, round or slightly 

 indented, oval, medium green in color, and of very good, but not 

 the best, quality; seeds small, from about 130 to 145 to the ounce, 

 round oval, distinctly indented but quite thick, finely wrinkled, 

 usually fairly even light green in color with one-fourth or less light 

 cream. 



Horsford Market Garden is a late midseason variety maturing 

 for table use in about 9 ' 2 weeks. It ripens quite promptly and is 

 usually second only to Advancer in productivity as a canning crop 

 pea; tho in short, dry seasons Green Admiral may outyield it. 



Sharp.- Queen. Refs. 79, 80; Gregory Cat. 1890. 

 This Queen pea is said to have originated with Culver- 

 well, but the name of its distributors was added, who 

 advertised it in 1886. It was brought to America about 

 4 years later by Gregory, and has been widely grown in 

 both countries. It was tried here from seed sent us by 

 the University of British Columbia, but satisfactory 

 vine description was not secured. 



As grown elsewhere: Height, 2 to 2 ' ■> feet, of sturdy, branch- 

 ing habit, so it may be sown thinly; foliage dark green; pods 3jj 

 to 4 inches long with us, 3 to 3 ! 2 inches , fairly broad and plump, 

 slightly curved, with rounded to blunt ends, very dark green, too 

 often not well filled; peas in well-grown pods, 5 or 6, huge, dark 

 green, oval, oblong, and flattened, of fine quality. It is ready for 

 use about with Horsford Market Garden, but not very productive. 



Rennie Queen 1 Ref. 79a 1 was also sent by the 

 University of British Columbia; appears very similar 

 to Sharpe Queen; but in our test had even larger, oblong 

 peas, which were not as well colored. Rennie 's catalog 

 emphasizes quality of pea, and habit of setting pods 

 low and bearing freely. The variety does not appear 



