

THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



(.. I. Wilson. Reft 22; Card. Mo. 15:357. 



Carter sent G. F. Wilson, probably unnamed, to 



the 1- rticultural Society for testing in 187J; the 



committee on awards gave it a First Class Certificate, 



and named it for the President of the Society. 



It was considered as great an improvement over Ne 

 Plus Ultra as the latter was over Hairs Dwarf Mammoth. 

 Tho considerably grown in England, France and America, 

 which it readied in 1873, it was never as well known as the 

 older variety. It was grown at the Station in 1884 and 

 again in our recent tests from English seeds, and was also 

 studied and described in the U. S. Department of Agri 

 culture plat at McMillan. Mich. The three descriptions 

 correspond very closely: but pods were better in the later 

 tests than in the older ones, and better at McMillan 

 than at Geneva. 



Height 2 to 3 feet, with very stout, angular stems, short 

 intcrnodes, and numerous heavy medial branches; foliage abundant 



:isc, dark green, large leaflets in 6s, noticeably notched a 

 rate toward the tips, and exceedingly large stipules, much whiten 1 

 and glaucous. In the old tests whitening and bloom almost com- 

 pletely absent, but in the recent ones, at McMillan in particular, 

 the foliage showed a distinct bluish cast, from the abundant bloom. 

 The very large flowers, white with deep green shading at base, 

 begin at the 14th or 15th node, on short stocky peduncles, are often 

 paired in old test and at McMillan, n. it in recent Station ' 

 pods singly or paired, 2 to 3 inches long in 1884. 3'.| to 3 ;i t inches 

 long at Stat i . .n in 1924 and 1925, and 4', to 4 ' •_> inches long at 

 M Millan in 1925. broad, quite plump, straight or very slightly 

 curved, rounded or blunt at the ends, rather long-rounded in Eng- 

 land 1 , with small, recurved tips, deep green in color, and usually 

 well filled; peas 4 to 7. large, slightly compressed, oval to oblong, 

 medium to dark green. Seeds in the old test mostly cream with 

 some pale bluish green, but in recent tests the green seeds largely 

 predominated. All were large, indented, compressed or flattened, 

 but only moderately wrinkled. 



G. F. Wilson in England was nearly a week earlier 

 than Ne Plus Ultra but in America it is as late and no 

 more productive. 



Latest of Ml. Refs. 29; Rural N. Y. 12:637. 

 1883. Latest of All was introduced about 1882 by 

 Sutton. It is said to have been selected by Mayer from 

 McLean's Premier. It has been grown in America 

 from about two years after its introduction up to the 

 present, but never widely. 



Height medium, 2 to 3 feet; stems very stout, with a few 

 branches well distributed from base to tip; foliage dark green with 

 bluish tint from heavy bloom, with medium sized leaflets, round at 

 base of stem and very broad toward top, much larger, rather narrow 

 stipules: pods from 15th or 16th node, often paired, 3 to 4 inches 

 long, nearly straight, wide, plump or even inflated, blunt ended 

 when well filled. As the name indicates, the variety is very late, 

 and being only slightly affected by mildew may bear until frost. 



said to be better than Perpetual Bearer, which was introduced 

 about the same time, and the latter is said to be better than Bliss 

 Everbearing, which, however, falls in another group. 



Autocrat. Refs. 36; Noll Cat. 1907. Autocrat 

 was raised by Jas. Veitch before 1885, when it received 

 a First Class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural 

 Society. It also received an Award of Merit from this 

 Society in 1922, when samples were sent for trial by 

 nine different growers. It appears to have been first 

 advertised for sale in 1888. soon took rank as the best 

 very late pea; and still stands high on the list. Late 



peas are not so popular in America, where mildew and 

 other diseases interfere with their success, and, altho 

 Autocrat is said to be resistant to mildew, it was not 

 brought to the United States for 20 years, coming in 1907, 

 and has been listed by few seedsmen. Two strains were 

 grown in our recent tests, one from British Columbia 

 and one from England. The British Columbia strain 

 did not mature satisfactorily when sown May 22, but 

 gave a pod or two in 12 weeks. 



Plants taller, 3 ' _. feet, than those from English seed, grown 

 in a dryer season, 2 ' _• feet; but otherwise appeared the same, of 

 Ne Plus Ultra type but good dark green in color. Pods from the 

 English seed, sown May 11, were ready in 86 days, were borne 

 singly, above the strong, medial branches, on long, heavy stalks. 

 The internodes separating the flower-bearing joints elongated 

 rapidly as the buds formed, while those below remained short, 

 thus changing what appeared like dwarf plants in early season to 

 medium height or tall ones as the pods matured. The pods were 

 generally 3 ' ■• to 4 ' t inches long, occasionally only 3 inches, broad, 

 almost plump, with a tendency to wrinkle, very slightly curved, 

 not very well filled, with ends varying from long rounded to almost 

 blunt; peas 4 to 6, of Ne Plus Ultra type, dark green and oblong 

 or broadly oval, flattened or indented; seeds like those of Ne Plus 

 Ultra but with considerably more green. 



.In no. Refs. 43. Ann. Hort. 132. 1893. Juno 

 originated with Eckford, and was introduced in 1890, 

 coming to the United States in about three years; being 

 grown at the Station in 1893 (Bui. 69) for display at 

 the World's Fair, yielding very well. It has been quite 

 popular in both countries, and is still listed by a dozen 

 or more American seedsmen. By some it is held iden- 

 tical with Dwarf Champion; but was undoubtedly of 

 distinct origin. 



Two strains grown here, from Idaho and British Columbia 

 seeds, differed decidedly in size, color and amount of wrinkling of 

 the seeds sown, and to some extent in length of pods produced; 

 but the seed differences largely disappeared in the harvested samples 

 and other differences were lessened in plants of the second season. 

 It is a good dwarf Ne Plus Ultra. 2 1 i to 2} 2 feet tall, more branched, 

 with darker foliage, otherwise similar, podding a node lower, with 

 very similar pods rather better filled with more and smaller peas, 

 but in the early Station test these were not considered of high 

 quality. 



It was very much like Ne Plus Ultra in season and 

 crops. Its classification status is like that of Thomas 

 Laxton, below. 



Thomas Laxton. Refs. 52; Dreer Cat. 1902. 

 Thomas Laxton originated with the noted horticulturist 

 and pea breeder of that name, was introduced in 1898 

 and reached the United States in 1900. It was said to 

 be a Gradus x Earliest of All cross; but was in many 

 respects a Ne Plus Ultra type pea, as the pods are blunt 

 or occasionally almost square at the ends, tho usually, 

 in the United States at least, somewhat shorter than 

 well-grown ones of the type variety. Thomas Laxton 

 is also much earlier in season and shorter in stem than 

 most others of the group. It might almost equally 

 well be included in the blunt -podded section of large- 

 podded Dwarf peas. 



In England Laxton is reported as growing, in various localities 

 and years, from 3 to 5 feet tall, but usually about 3 feet; while in 

 America the limits found have been 1)2 to 3'A feet. In Station 

 tests it was from 2*4 to 3 feet tall; stems moderately stout, un- 



