DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 



83 



•Openshaw (lJ^-2 ft.). 'Blue Canadian, "World I'ri/.e. (II. a) 

 'Itangulia I purple-flowered, seeds tinged brownish), 'Scotch 

 Beauty, *S©otch Blue; (b) 'Green, *BalI. (Ill, a) 'Scotch 

 late'; ib) 'Blue Imperial, *Blm» Prussian, *Vida, Russian 

 Blue ivery good). IV. Albany (Dwarf Green Albany), Common 

 Blue, Early Blue (from Canada, good), Green Canada, Green 

 Scotchman; ic) 'Puslike. 



DARK SEEDED SECTION 

 (I, b) 'Mummy (= Early Crown). (II, a) 'Early Heavy 

 Cropper (good), 'Cavalier, 'Meyer, 'Cossack, 'Delano, 'Kaiser, 



MINOR VARIETIES OF EXTRA EARLY GROUP 



'Carleton (= Peluschka, = Partridge) (very good); (b) 'Negro 

 (purple-podded, = Nero), 'Killarney, 'Solo (lacks purple markings 

 on stem), Black English; (c) 'Peluschka. (Ill, a) 'Hubert, 

 'Frailc (very good forage pea), 'French Gray, 'Husbands, 

 'Austrian Winter; (b) 'Maple Partridge Brittany, 'Early 

 Britain; (c) 'Maple, 'Partridge, English Brown or Speckled 

 (very tall). (IV) Common Gray, Gray Hastings, Gray Rounci- 

 val, Gray Warwick (= Early Nimble Hog Pea), Gray Winter 

 (= Winter), Late Gray (=TalI Gray, Tall Capucine, Large Gray), 

 McAdoo (= Kaiser), Scotch Gray. 



Character unknown: Strawl»crry Vine, Field Creeper. 



Superfine Early, given by Burr (1863) as a synonym of 

 Charlton, was mentioned as a separate variety by Booth (1810). 



Miehaux de Rouelle, generally considered identical with 

 Hotspur, was grown at this Station in 1883 (Rpt. 3:253. 1885) 

 and seemed the same as that variety as incompletely described 

 years before: 



Rather tall; stem heavy, branched at base; pods of medium 

 length, broad, plump; crop rather late, slow maturing, good. 



Eastern Shore, generally held same as Charlton, was said 

 by Loudon (Gard. Mag. No. 77. 1836) to be later; tall, slender- 

 vined; producing freely small, short, round pods with 4 to 5 peas. 



Booth Early (Booth Car. 1810) is the earliest American 

 variety of the pea found recorded ; undoubtedly a strain of Hotspur 

 or Early Frame. 



Early Dwarf (Syns. Earliest Dwarf, Russell Early and 

 Early June) was grown by C. M. Hovey (Mag. Hort. 10:91. 1844). 

 He thought it originated from Hotspur or Charlton. 



Found very hardy, a strong grower and fair producer of long, 

 narrow, poorly filled pods with 6 or 7 peas. 



Tall Frame was described, from an English source, in an 

 American periodical in 1836 (Am. Gard. Mag. 2:438) and may 

 never have reached America. A taller, slenderer strain of Charlton. 



Racehorse. Refs. 15, 16, 30. Rogers described Racehorse 

 in 1 839 as of recent origin but already popular ; as very prolific and 

 particularly adapted for a first crop, " coming into bearing ten or 

 more days before any other sort." Mentioned in America in 1844, 

 and as grown in 1845 pronounced " not of merit." Generally con- 

 sidered same as Early Warwick, but once given as a synonym of 

 Cedo Nulli. 



Early Burlington (Refs. 27, 131a) seems to have come 

 from seed of Landreth Extra Early, furnished by Landreth to Thos. 

 Hancock, Burlington, N. J. It may have been improved by selec- 

 tion to justify the new name. Ferry connects this with Phila- 

 delphia Extra Early, thus strengthening the presumption that the 

 latter is a strain of Landreth's older pea. 



Miehaux ordinaire and Miehaux de Hollande, referred to 

 under Early Emperor, were grown at this Station in 1926, from 

 Seed raised by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, at McMillan, 

 Mich. They are typical extra earlies, with more abundant foliage, 

 larger flowers borne lower on the stems, and decidedly larger peas 

 and seeds; pods better filled, plump and from 2 5 g to 2 7 8 inches long 

 in each variety, but characteristically small-tipped in Miehaux 

 ordinaire. This was a week earlier than the other. 



Danecroft Rival (Refs. 42—45) was raised about 1837 by 

 Girling but was also known as Warner's, from the seedsman who 

 handled it. It was Early Emperor in everything except color of 

 foliage and pods, a peculiar glossy, sickly green due to lack of bloom. 

 Only a curiosity, but received several other names, or several other 

 varieties very similar to, if not identical with it, were developed. 

 The latest of these, Sutton's Emerald Gem, was said to be from 

 entirely different stock; and is given a separate description. 



Cedo Nulli (Refs. 31 (Racehorse), 38, 46-49), later synony- 

 mous with Early Washington, appears to have had a separate 

 origin and independent history. Credit for it is given (Mag. Hort. 

 4:87. 1838; and 5:87. 1839) to Sinclair and introduction dated 

 1838. 



An improved Early Frame; 3 feet high, of strong growth; pods 

 of good size, long, nearly round, peas 6-8, of excellent quality; 

 very early and prolific. To this Rural New Yorker (12:271. 1861) 



adds: Season 69 days to edible maturity from April 26, grows finely, 

 yields well; peas sweet, very fine; " an excellent pea." 



Superior First Early (Ref. 50), an English strain, credited 

 to Farnes, probably came to this country as one of the " First 

 Earlies " cataloged by American seedsmen; but no direct connection 

 has been traced. It is mentioned here to show uncertainty of 

 interpretation of printed data; as it was said (Gard. Chron. 630. 

 1843; and 535. 1844) to be "ready 1014 days ahead of Early 

 May " and the next year " much later than Early May." 



Early Nimble Dick. Ref. 59. Undoubtedly a synonym of 

 Early Frame; but listed only in America; 2j^ feet high. 



Hill Extra Early. Refs. 60, 61; Burr Fid. Gard. Veg. 529. 

 1863. This variety was introduced some time before 1844 by Hill; 

 but seems not to have spread very widely, tho continued for many 

 years. Now entirely superseded. By Burr it is placed under 

 Charlton, as a pea as hardy and nearly or quite as early and 

 prolific as Daniel O'Rourke and several of the most approved, 

 earliest foreign varieties, and much more stocky and vigorous. 



Three feet high, of strong growth; with long, very large, round, 

 full pods, ready in two pickings and containing 7-8 peas of excellent 

 quality. 



True May (Refs. 28, 65) may be distinct from Early May, 

 and shorter-vined. 



Bedalean. Refs. 66, 67; Gard. Chron. 97. 1848. This 

 strain of Early Frame was introduced by Jackson in 1847, as " 6-12 

 days before any other;" 3^ feet high, with handsome well-filled 

 pods, and prolific; but in tests made by the Horticultural Society of 

 London was found of no particular merit. Probably never in 

 America, tho the name occurs as a synonym of other varieties 

 grown here. 



Fair head Early Champion (Ref. 71) was not listed for 

 some years after Sutton Early Champion, but may be identical 

 with it; since it is said to be similar to Warner Early Emperor 

 in pods; and Warner Conqueror, identical with Sutton Early 

 Champion, is also a synonym of Early Emperor. It was very early. 



Fairhead Early Conqueror (Ref. 72) was advertised as 

 new by Sutton in 1854; but there is such confusion in the pea notes 

 of the time between Fairhead and Fairbeard, Conqueror and 

 Champion, that it may or may not be distinct. 



Railway. Refs. 73-76. As this pea was introduced in 

 1859, some years before Dillistone Early, Carter's First Crop and 

 Sutton's Ringleader, each pronounced identical with the others 

 and with Railway, the credit for originating peas of this sub-type 

 should be given to Isherwood, introducer of Railway. Mcintosh 

 says Railway is only a variety of Early Frame, of no special merit. 

 Unknown in America under this name. 



Hovey Extra Early (Refs. 86; Burr Fid. Gard. Veg. 529. 

 1863) was raised before 1852 by Pope, and sold to Hovey. It was 

 called " the earliest variety yet introduced," and, later, " an 

 American improved early sort of Charlton." It was said to be 

 hardy, and prolific. Not in Bailey's list of varieties for sale in 

 1889. 



Taylor Prolific (Refs. 88, 89; Jour. Hort. 48:378. 1872) 

 was introduced in 1852 by Bass and Brown and is included here 

 only because listed by Burr, who says it is similar to Daniel 

 O'Rourke in habit, production, and early maturity. A later 

 English description makes it similar in shape and size of pods to 

 Sangster No. 1, strictly single-podded, and very superior to old 

 Early Kent, " from which it has, no doubt, originated." 



