84 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



Sebaatopol. Refs. 91 second'. 100 102; Burr Fid. Gard. 

 Vr,} 547 -fig Gard. Vr. BA. 14:72. 1S73. Advertised 



in 1855 by Davvr. Cottrcll and Bcnhnm. London, as Cornell's 

 Sebastopol. Hogg makes Early Scbastopol a synonym of Early 

 Emperor. Listed in America in 1859 as Sebastopol, described DJ 

 Butt, but said by Professor Goff to be synonymous with Daniel 

 O'Rourkc. 



Slender -vined, single Bowered, pods 2 j inches long, peas 5 to 

 rhich, like the seeds, were " s. ttinguishable in size, 



f,,riv. from tlir Early Frame or kindred varieties." Not 



specially early, but very productive, and of superior quality. 



It. . k Morning Star. K< t Mcintosh Bk. Gard. 2:67. 

 1855. Th: id of Beck Morning St.ir, except as a synonym, 



says it was 3 feet high and podded early and freely. 



I ... -I .mi. ,1 Sir M.m.i. Kris. 103; Cultivator 47. 1888. 

 An extra early pea from Austrian Australian?! stock. 



Dunnetl Rrsl Early. Refs. 104; Country Gent. .'{."> : 6 14 . 

 1870. In 1858 said to be " in every way superior to Daniel 

 O'Rourke." earlier, with finer pods and peas of richer flavor; -' ' _> 

 feet high. In 1870 noted as grown in America. 



DUliatone Early. Refs. 51, 56, 105 109a; Burr Fid. Gard. 

 Veg. 532. 1863; Jour. Hort. ,'l.l:467. 1865; Gard. Chron. 221. 

 1866, and 701. 1867; Am. Hort. Ann. 135. 1867. Railway and 

 Dilhstonc Early preceded First Crop and Ringleader which proved 

 identical with them; but they have never received as much notice. 

 Dillistonc First Early, advertised in 1859, was said, later, to be from 

 a single plant in a row of Bryant, or Bradman, Wonder, a variety 

 otherwise unknown. Tho considered by most writers as identical 

 with previously introduced varieties, others thought it much earlier 

 and with a special tendency to open all blossoms at once and to 

 produce its pods for a single picking. It was described by Burr in 

 1863 and mentioned in several American catalogs and periodicals of 

 the period, but apparently never widely grown. 



Petersburg Ref. 110 was recorded in 1860 as an early pea 

 not as good in flavor as Early Warwick. 



Earl] Princess, Refs. 111-115; Rural N. Y. 12:271. 1861. 

 Early Princess is apparently an American variety, entirely dis- 

 tinct from Princessc given by Thompson as a synonym of Tall 

 White Marrow. 



Referred to as new in 1861 and said to have a shorter season 

 than Daniel O'Rourkc. taller vines and somewhat sweeter peas; 

 but later references call vine " low, short, dwarfish," 2 ' •_> feet high, 

 praise quality of peas and give color when cooked as lively green. 

 When sown very late, pods were ready in 40 days, but when sown 

 five weeks earlier it required 65 days to picking. The 5-6 small, 

 round peas, with the points given above, clearly place the variety 

 in the Extra Early Group. 



Carpenter Expre — . Refs. 117, 118. Seeds of most of 

 several " Express " peas are blue or green; but this white-seeded 

 one was introduced in 1863 by Carpenter as " the earliest pea known 

 with large pods." It was soon held to be identical with Sangster 

 No. I, Daniel O'Rourke and others of the group, tho attention was 

 called to its very white flowers. It is uncertain whether this white- 

 seeded form was known in America. 



Wheeler Extra Kurl>. Ref. 129. Tested at the experi- 

 mental farm in Washington, D. C, in 1865, and found very similar 

 to First Crop; not " a week earlier than Daniel O'Rourke or Sangster 

 No. 1," as claimed for it. 



Double I.vir.i Early. Ref. 130. Deacon's Double Extra 

 Early was listed in 1865 by the Superintendent of the Department 

 of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Washington. D. C. 



label Earl] Perfection. Refs. 136 138; Evans Car. 1868. 

 This pea was advertised in 1866, by Veitch 1 1, as originated by 

 Geo. Taber; but is evidently older. Listed in America in 1868 as 

 among the earliest varieties, but name was given by Goff as a 

 synonym of Caractacus. 



Said to have been very early, of robust habit, a day or two 

 later than Sangster No. 1; and more viny than that variety or 

 Daniel O'Rourkc; recommended as the " heaviest cropping first 

 early." 



Poynter 1 irli. -t and Best. Refs. 139-41; Gard. Chron. 

 630. 680. 1868 Ann Hort 123. 1889; SaUer Cat. 1900. An 

 Earliest and Best pea was noted in 1865 as grown for several years. 



and was advertised under his name in 1866 by Poynter. Poynter 

 Earliest and Best was briefly mentioned as being as early as Ring- 

 leader, more productive and vigorous; but was found at Chiswick 

 to be the same as Daniel O'Rourke. It is unknown whether or not 

 this is the Earliest and Best advertised in 1900 and noted as having 

 been sold on the La Crosse, Wis., market for 25 years; but we 

 have no record of any other pea thus named dating back so far. 

 Bailey reports an Earliest and Best on sale in 1889. The Wis- 

 consin strain was described as " the earliest white pea on earth," 

 1 ' _■ to .' ' . feet high, extremely prolific, with 8 to 12 straight pods, 

 each containing 7 K medium sized, smooth, round peas, yellowish 

 white when ripe. 



Electric Ref. 142 | was listed as new in 1869, by Fcrre, 

 Batchelder & Co., and said to be 2 feet tall and very early. Its 

 height separates it from the Electric tested by this Station in 1890. 

 Dreer's Electric Extra Early is green seeded. 



Buisl Extra Earl) Ref. 1491 was introduced about 1871 

 and said to be " better than Charactacus as a green market 

 pea." 



Extra Earl] Winship Ref. 150) was listed as new in 1872, 

 Gregory considering it a remarkably early American pea, an im- 

 provement on Daniel O'Rourke. 



Hancock. Refs. 155, 156; Country Gent. 11:266. 1859; 

 Gregory Cat. 1885; Mich. Sta. Bui. 1H:233; 1897; Buist Cat. 

 1913. Hancock was listed in 1878 as a new American pea, but 

 without indication of its source. In a letter in Country Gentle- 

 man Landreth says Early Burlington originated from seed of 

 Landreth Extra Early in the hands of Thos. Hancock, Burlington, 

 N. J.; and it seems not at all unlikely that Mr. Hancock continued 

 his selection in Early Burlington and introduced a new strain under 

 his own name. This is merely conjecture, supported by Buist 's 

 statement that Philadelphia Extra Early originated in that city 

 and was originally called Hancock, so that the latter may well 

 have been developed in the near-by Jersey section and found such 

 favor as to be renamed for the city itself. If so, Hancock precedes 

 Philadelphia chronologically. 



Descriptions of the pea are exceedingly meager. The hor- 

 ticulturists at the Michigan Station say it was so nearly like Rural 

 New Yorker that no marked differences could be detected; but they 

 do not make either name a synonym of the other. 



Boston Extra Early. Ref. 160. Listed by Vaughan in 1883. 



( iiirtcr New (Ref. 161 1 was sent to America in 1883 for testing 

 in advance of its introduction in 1884, by Carter. 



The figure given shows a very small, straight, square-ended 

 pod, borne singly, and exceedingly large stipules, considerably 

 longer than the pod. The notes describe Carter New as ready for 

 use at the same time as Ferry First and Best and Henderson First 

 of All (67 days from April 6), with more pods then ready, but not 

 maturing promptly, and with the yield of peas much smaller, - very 

 little more than half of Henderson's First of All. The seeds were 

 very small, smooth, and buff in color. 



Witch Selected Extra Early Ref. 163), probably not grown 

 in America, was said by writers to be " a week ahead of Dickson 

 First and Best; prolific " and " best early pea I ever saw and most 

 prolific bearer." 



Ferrj Extra Early. Refs. 164; S. Dak. Sta. Buls. H.'»:4. 

 1904, and 91:5. 1905. Introduced by Ferry, carried in the cata- 

 logs of the firm until 1898 or later and then dropped, probably 

 as inferior to First and Best since it was not as even in vine and pods, 

 did not ripen its pods as promptly tho some were as early, and 

 the peas were rather larger In Prof. Goff's description, no points 

 arc given that would enable us definitely to separate the strain 

 from others. Cooking tests revealed little in favor of the peas. 



Reedland. Refs. 167; N. Y. Sta. Rpt. .1:245. 1885. 

 Received in 1884 from Landreth for testing at this Station and 

 found second early in season and not productive. It appeared to 

 be a sub-variety of Philadelphia. 



Vick Kxtrn Early 'Ref. 169) as received from Vick. and 

 tested at this Station in 1885, proved to be really early, with pods 

 ready to pick in 55 days from April 24; but gave few pods to the 

 vine and few peas to the pod. It was considered a synonym of, 

 or selection from. Early Kent. 



