DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 



93 



various intervals until 1865 when it was said to be disappearing. 

 It probably never reached America. 



Very tall. 7 feet, of strong growth; pods large: broad, rather 

 flat, dark green; peas 8 or 9 large, green; seeds yellowish green. It 

 was prolific but late. 



Improved Green Marrow Ref. 6*. advertised by Fames 

 in 1842, may have come from either the preceding or the following 

 variety. 



The height. 4 feet, is the only characteristic given. 



Early Green Marrow. Refs. 7; Jour. Hort. 1:29. 1861. 

 U. S. Pat. Off. Rpf. Agr. 1865. As described in 1834, this 

 " early " pea. sown near the last of March, required nearly four 

 months to mature: so differed but little in that respect from Tall 

 Green Marrow. It was listed in the United States in 1865. 



Shorter vined, only 4 feet, and bore paired pods, which, however, 

 were shorter, plumper, and better filled, as well as slightly curved. 

 The seeds were mixed cream and green. In 1860, it was found to 

 be taller, 7 feet, and much like Prizetaker, a newer variety, with 

 smaller pods and " in every respect inferior." 



Bellamy Early Green Marrow. Refs. 13-17; Hogg Gard, 

 Yk. Bk. 11:83. 1873. An early Green Marrow, with dark 

 glossy pods, evidently not the same as the peas of that name 

 previously described, was advertised by Frederick Warner in 

 1846 and mentioned again in 1847 as Green Wrinkled Marrow. 

 This was followed by Bellamy Early Green Marrow, advertised by 

 Sutton in 1849, which probably was an improvement on one or the 

 other of the two early Green Marrows, and possibly related to the 

 old Matchless Marrowfat. It seems to have been the ancestor or 

 predecessor of Prizetaker and Rising Sun, and was, on their advent, 

 considered inferior to them. Hogg gives the name only as a synonym 

 of Prizetaker. 



Height about 5 feet; much earlier than the tall marrows 

 previously known; with long, narrow, slightly curved pods, quite 

 distinct from earlier types, containing 7-8 large, compressed peas, 

 which were of decidedly improved quality. It may have been a 

 truly wrinkled variety, but the synonymy would imply only dimpled 

 seeds, white and olive green. 



Large Green Normandy (Refs. 25, 26) was tested and 

 described at this Station in 1884. It is an old French variety grown 

 to some extent in England, and said to be allied to Tall Green 

 Mammoth. The early Station description makes it much like the 

 early marrows: 



Height about 5 feet: stem strong: foliage deep green; pods often 

 paired, short, plump, slightly curved, round ended and occasionally 

 constricted between the peas (lomentlike< so that the latter were 

 much flattened, tho large; seeds very large, oblong and somewhat 

 indented, bluish white or creamy white in color. It was very late 

 and moderately productive. 



Denver Prolific Green Marrow. Refs. 34, 35: Hogg Gard. 

 Yr. Bk. 11:85. 1873. This variety is synonymous with others 

 essential in the history of the type. It was probably a temporarily 

 better strain of Tall Green Marrow, developed by Wm. Battle, Sus- 

 sex, Eng., about 1855, more prolific than the parent strain, possibly 

 a few days earlier and with peas of better color. It lasted only ten 

 years or so. Hogg makes it synonymous with Garbutt Amazon. 



Rising Sun. Refs. 36, 37; Country Gent. 18:174. 1861; 

 Thorbum Car. 1876; Hogg Gard. Yr. Bk. 14:72. 1873. Rising 

 Sun, advertised in 1856 by Flanagan, was only 3 feet high, early, 

 and with dark green pods; but was probably only a good strain of 

 Bellamy Early Green Marrow. It was listed by American seedsmen 

 from 1861 to 1876. According to Hogg, Rising Sun was a synonym 

 of Early Emperor, cream-seeded. 



Garbutt Amazon iRefs. 38, 39; Hogg Gard. Yr. Bk. 11:85. 

 1873) was, like the last, a Flanagan pea, appearing in 1857, and 

 possibly earlier than similar varieties. It was a strong, robust 

 grower 5 to 6 feet tall, unbranched. The irregular seeds were cream 

 and olive. Tho well known in England, it apparently never reached 

 America. 



Leicester Defiance (Ref. 42), probably introduced by Harri- 

 scn 2), was considered in 1861 merely a synonym of Beck Prize- 

 taker. It was still listed by the introducers in 1887. The name 

 was known in America only as a synonym. 



Berkshire Hero. Refs. 43, 44. Sutton, in 1859 gave William 

 Culverwell, Taunton, as originator of Berkshire Hero, thus intro- 



ducing a commercial breeder who contributed very many varieties 

 to England's long list of peas, but who was comparatively unknown 

 outside a narrow circle. No American references to the variety 

 were found. 



It was " like Tall Mammoth in growth, British Queen in seed." 

 It was taller, if anything, than Tall Mammoth, late, with very large 

 pods, containing 7 -9 large peas or large, slightly indented I British 

 Queen's seeds were truly wrinkled I grayish olive or yellowish white 

 seeds. 



Competitor (Refs. 45H7) was introduced about the same 

 time as Berkshire Hero: and may have been identical with it; as 

 several descriptions are the same and it is made a synonym of the 

 same varieties. Hogg, 1873, considers it the same as Tall Green 

 Mammoth. The Horticultural Society descriptions, however, make 

 Competitor earlier than Berkshire Hero, shorter-vined, with fewer 

 pods which contain fewer peas and are straight and cylindrical 

 instead of long and slightly curved. Competitor was listed in 

 America in 1861. This pea described under this name in Denaiffe's 

 Les Pois Potagers with the synonym Surprise, is much closer to 

 Eight Weeks than to Competitor. 



Noble Early Green Marrow (Ref. 48 1 is described by Burr, 

 altho it may not have been grown in the United States. It was a 

 sub-variety of Bellamy's pea of the same name, and a much more 

 abundant bearer of very uniform pods. 



Royal Blue. Ref. 49. Harrison 1 1 ) originated Royal Blue 

 and distributed it in 1864, mainly because of its curious appear- 

 ance, lack of bloom giving stems, stipules and pods a peculiar green 

 color. It was 3 feet tall, with pods and peas typical of the group, 

 a. poor producer of peas of inferior quality. 



Challenger. Refs. 71, 72; Gregory Cat. 1878. Carter's own 

 Telegraph-like pea. Challenger, was advertised side by side with 

 that variety; but seems never to have acquired wide distribution or 

 popularity. Its origin is unknown. It was offered in England 

 and America simultaneously: but we find no record of its actual 

 growth here except in the test by Prof. Goff in 1884. 



Spoken of as dwarf in England, here it grew as tall as Tele- 

 graph, had a very' large angular stem branched at the base only, 

 pale, yellowish green foliage almost bloomless and somewhat 

 whitened, pods very similar to those of Telegraph, but more taper- 

 ing, lighter in color, with about one less pea to the pod and these of 

 rather poor color. It was only moderately productive, rather late 

 and matured slowly. 



Gladiator (Refs. 77: Henderson Cat. 1892 1 is probably a 

 Laxton pea. It received a First Class Certificate from the Royal 

 Horticultural Society in 1882 and was advertised by Veitch (1) in 

 1883. It reached America in 1892, but has never been widely grown. 

 It is an improvement on Fillbasket and more dwarf, bearing a very 

 good crop in midseason. 



Height seldom over 2 feet; pods long, moderately plump, 

 slightly curved, smooth, good green, pointed or rounded at the ends, 

 well filled; peas 6 or 7, medium sized, oval to oblong, light to medium 

 green. 



Renilworth (Refs. 81, 82; S. Dak. Sta. Bui. 85:5. 1904), 

 one of the parents of Early Bird, is said to be similar to William the 

 First, late, taller than Advancer, a good bearer, but not of as good 

 quality. It was grown for a test in South Dakota, but seems, 

 otherwise, to be unknown in America. 



Green Noyon (Refs. 83; N. Y. Sta. Rpt. 3:259. 1885) 

 is probably of Blue Prussian habit. According to Hogg, it might 

 better be placed in the Alaska group, as he says the peas were small, 

 round, smooth and light green. 



As tested here in 1884. was 2 1 jj feet tall, branched, stocky- 

 stemmed; with deep green foliage: very productive but very late; 

 pods short, narrow, very plump, light green, with rounded ends; 

 peas oblong or compressed, whitish green; seeds dull pale green or 

 bluish, with some cream or almost white, all slightly oblong and 

 shallowly dimpled. 



Dwarf Green St. Michael (Ref. 84 i is known only thru a 

 test at this Station in 1884. 



It differed from Green Noyon in being shorter in vine, with 

 shorter pods, and fewer peas, slightly earlier and maturing promptly, 

 but less productive. 



Early William (Ref. 93), introduced about 1886, was credited 

 to Laxton, and said to be " an early, dwarf William the First." 



