106 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



drooping, occasionally with medial branches: foliage abundant, 

 rather large, leathery, dark green, somewhat whitened, with leaflets 

 in 4s and 6s, and sharp-tipped stipules; flowers at the 13th node, 

 in pairs on medium length, heavy stalks: pods paired, 2}4 to 3 

 inches long, of medium width, plump, sometimes slightly saddle- 

 backed, straight, well filled, and blunt-ended with small tips; peas 

 about 5. medium sized, round oval, medium green, of good quality, 

 seeds rather small, round oval, indented or almost cylindrical, well 

 wrinkled, mixed cream and light green in color. The season is 

 about that of Advancer, and the crops good to very good. 



Old Colony (Ref. 30 > was listed in 1913 by Breck but seems 

 to have been dropped from subsequent catalogs. 



It was described as a large wrinkled variety, two weeks later 

 than Mayflower, with vines 1-3 to 2's feet tall, bearing large pods 

 containing 7 or 8 peas; and the figure given shows the pods to be of 

 Advancer type. 



Delicacy (Ref. 31 1 was first listed by Sutton in 1922, and has 

 been grown in this country only in an experimental way. It was 

 said to have all the good points of A 1, with greater vigor, and better 

 crops of larger, darker colored pods. 



As grown here it was only 2 feet tall; flowered at the 9th or 

 10th node; the pods were short, plump, square-ended, contained 

 about 5 very large, well-colored peas, and were ready for use several 

 days before those of Advancer. It gave very good crops. 



Boston Wrinkled, of unknown origin, was grown at the 



Station from seed sent by the University of British Columbia, the 

 variety coming to them in 1919 from the Central Experimental 

 Farm, Ottawa, Canada. 



It was of very good Advancer type, decidedly later, and pro- 

 duced good to very good crops of slightly larger, very plump, firm 

 pods of fair color, as were the 5 to 7 moderately large peas. 



MINOR VARIETIES OF STRATAGEM GROUP 



John Bull. Refs. 6; Jour. Hort.. n. ser. 3:137. 1880; 

 Mass. Hort. Soc. Trans. 170. 1882. From a Veitch Perfection 

 x Prolific Longpod cross, Laxton secured this Stratagem-like pea 

 which he advertised in 1880. This was brought to America in 1882 

 and listed by several American seedsmen for 10 years. 



It was grown at the Station in 1884: much taller than Strata- 

 gem, 2 to 3 feet, more branched, with foliage less whitened; pods 

 often paired, decidedly longer, 3 to 4}^ inches, slightly curved, 

 lighter in color, with rather fewer and larger peas to the pod, which 

 were whitish green in color, flattened but not compressed. It was 

 very late, ripened gradually, and moderately prolific. This was 

 called both a " taller Stratagem " and a " dwarfer Telephone." 

 It was similar to Sharpe Triumph and some authorities give the 

 names as synonyms. 



Another John Bull, a Senator-like pea. was later introduced 

 by Carter. 



Pride of America (Ref. 9) was received from Carter and 

 grown at the Rural Experiment Grounds in 1886; but no other 

 references to the variety have been found either in America or in 

 England. Resembled Stratagem but about 10 days later, producing 

 very large peas of Stratagem quality. 



Astouisher. Ref. 10. Benham's Astonisher was tested at 

 the Rural Experiment Grounds in 1892 and found " like Stratagem." 

 Majestic (Refs. 13; Thorburn Car. 1908) was introduced in 

 1898 by Carter and reached America 10 years later. An improve- 

 ment on Stratagem, with larger, dark green pods, but taller and a 

 few days later. 



Nott Prolific. Ref. 14. This Prolific originated with Nott 

 about 1899, from an Alaska x Prince Edward cross. Said to have 

 the hardiness of Alaska and the size and sweetness of peas of Prince 

 Edward. 



Probably belongs in the Stratagem group, tho the plants were 

 taller, pods larger and peas more numerous, 7 to 9. An early mid- 

 season variety, not specially productive but reliable under practi- 

 cally all conditions. In quality it probably ranked with Stratagem, 

 not equal to the best wrinkled peas, but better than any smooth- 

 seeded one. 



Ambler Magnum Bonum (Refs. 17, 18) was tested by the 

 Royal Horticultural Society of England in 1901; and in 1902 was 

 received for testing in the United States from F. Ambler, Winnipeg, 

 Manitoba, Canada. 



Apparently a good Stratagem-type pea; height \Yi to 2 feet; 

 foliage and pods deep green; latter paired, long, straight, well-filled; 

 peas 6 to 8, immense, light green, of highest quality; medium early. 



Battleship (Refs. 19; and S. Dak. Sta. Bui. 91:5. 1905) 

 was introduced by Carter before 1902, when it was tested by the 



Royal Horticultural Society. It is said to come from a cross between 

 Thos. Laxton and Duke of Albany. It was tried in America in 

 1904, and recently by the United States Department of Agriculture 

 at McMillan, Mich., and at this Station. 



Height in England, 5 feet, here only 3 or 4 feet ; stem stout, un- 

 branched; foliage deep green, coarse, much whitened; flowers large, 

 greenish white, from 10th to 12th node; pods singly or rarely in pairs, 

 on long slender stalks, 3 to 3' 4 inches long, broad, straight, very 

 blunt ended with large tips; peas about 5, very large, light green, of 

 good but not the best quality. It is a midseason pea, but lacks 

 productiveness in America. 



Livingston First Choice (Ref. 23) was introduced in 1906. 



Height about l 1 ^ feet, foliage medium green; pods like those 

 of Stratagem in color and size, " very numerous;" peas large, dark 

 green and of fine quality. This appears to be different from Vick 

 First Choice. 



Bent Paver (Ref. 24) was sent to the Royal Horticultural 



Society for testing in 1910 by Jas. Veitch when it was found to need 

 more selection, showing many tall, weak stems. 



In 1923 the stock was much better. Height 2 feet; stems 

 stout, foliage dark green; pods single or paired, 3 ! 2 inches long, 

 straight, broad, pointed, dark green in color; peas 5 to 7, large, 

 fairly sweet, wrinkled. As grown here from English seeds, coarser 

 in foliage than Dwarf Defiance; pods from 8th node on long thick 

 stalks, 2 7 % to 3 ' % inches long, quite uniform. It was said by various 

 English authorities to be an " improved form of Stratagem type," 

 and " Dwarf Defiance." Here, as late as Stratagem and only a fair 

 cropper. 



Another Rentpayer was noted at McMillan, Mich., on 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture plats, of which pods were sent here 

 when ready, late in the season, and found to be unlike those on Rent- 

 payer. The McMillan variety was apparently Brownhill's Rent- 

 payer, with Telephone-like pods, described elsewhere. The simi- 

 larity of names makes it difficult to say which of these varieties is 

 referred to in American catalogs. 



De Giorgi Model (Ref. 25) was listed in 1914, apparently as 

 new, and was grown here for three seasons. 



Dwarf. 1 ] 2 feet: stem stout, branches few or none: foliage 

 medium green, with large leaflets and slightly larger, whitened, 

 round-tipped stipules; flowers begin as low as on any variety studied, 

 about the 3rd node; pods single on short stalks, large for dwarf 

 plants, 3's to 33^ inches long, not very broad nor very plump, 

 straight, rounded to blunt at the ends, with small tips; peas 5 to 7, 

 medium sized, oval, light green to medium green. Seeds well- 

 wrinkled, weigh about 100 to the ounce, mixed cream and light 

 green in color. It is an early midseason variety, but not very pro- 

 ductive in the North, tho said to yield heavily in the Mississippi 

 Valley. 



MINOR VARIETIES IN CHAMPION OF ENGLAND GROUP 



Hairs Dwarf Marrow. Refs. 14-18. Much confusion of 

 names and synonyms exists between the various Green Marrows, 

 since very similar names were applied in and just before 1850 to 

 Knight Marrows and their derivatives and to a smooth green pea, 

 similar in type to the American white marrowfats. Hairs Dwarf 

 Green Mammoth Knight Marrow, here described under a shorter 

 name, appears to have been first advertised in 1850 by Duncan 

 Hairs, and was an improved Knight Dwarf Green Marrow, or an 

 intentional or accidental cross with that variety as one parent, as 

 it had decidedly larger pods, and was nearly two weeks earlier, the 



original being the latest of the Knight peas. Hairs' pea was brought 

 to America in 1856 by the United States Department of Agriculture, 

 listed commercially in 1858, described by Burr in 1863. and was 

 still listed in 1892 after which Gregory replaced it with Delicious. 

 It is no longer grown in America unless the Dwarf Green Marrowfat 

 of a few southern seedsmen is this variety. 



It was hardy, strong and vigorous in growth, low and bushy in 

 habit, with dark green, whitened foliage: pods singly or in pairs. 12 

 to 16 to the plant, broad, slightly curved, blunt-ended, larger than 

 those of Knight Dwarf Green Marrow, comparatively flat, and con- 



