SYSTEMATIC BOTANY OF BEANS, AND THEIR ALLIES 



13 



5. Phaseolus angularis W. F. Wight. U. S. D. A. 



B. P. I. Bulletin 137. 17. 1909. Adsuki Bean — 

 Dolichos annularis Willd. Sp. PI. 3:1051. 1800. 



Bushy summer annual 30 to 50 cm high, leaves 3-folioIate, 

 stipulate; leaflets entire, more or less rhomboidal, the lateral ones 

 oblique; flowers bright yellow in clusters of 6 to 12; ketl coiled and 

 spurred on the left side; style hairy, with a flattened terminal 

 appendage; pods 6 to 13 cm long, thin, constricted between the 

 seeds, straw colored, brown or black; seeds 8 to 10, small, straw 

 colored, buff", brown, maroon, or black. Native to eastern Asia. 



The Adsuki bean is the most promising of the five 

 oriental beans listed above. It is more nearly compar- 

 able to the common or kidney bean in its climatic require- 

 ments and hence is more likely to be of value in New 

 York than are the others. It forms the second largest 

 leguminous crop in Japan where the seeds are used as 

 human food as they are in Chosen and to some extent 

 in China and Manchuria. In trials of the Adsuki bean 

 for food they have met the almost unanimous approval 

 of those who tested them. Their seed production, as 

 shown by trials at the U. S. D. A. Experimental Farm 

 at Arlington, Virginia, was exceeded only by the soybean. 

 Numerous varieties are under cultivation in the Orient, 

 of which a maroon-seeded form is perhaps commonest. 

 This form seems to have been the one brought from 

 Japan by the Perry Expedition in 1854 and probably 

 constitutes the first introduction of the Adsuki into the 

 United States. 



6. Phaseolus coccineus L. Sp. PI. 724. 1753. 

 Runner Bean. — Phaseolus vulgaris var. coccineus 

 L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1016. 1763. Phaseolus multiflorus 

 Lam. Encycl. 3:70. 1789. Phaseolus multiflorus 

 coccineus D. C. Prod. 2:392. 1825. Lipusa multi- 

 flora Alef. Landw. Fl. 26. 1866. Lipusa multiflora 

 var. coccinea Alef. I.e. 27. Phaseolus vulgaris var. 

 multiflorus Nichols. Diet. Card. 3:94. 1886. 



Annual i occasionally perennial in the South) twining plant, 

 3-5 m tall; roots stout; stems slender, puberulent; leaves 3-foliate, 

 large; leaflets rhombic ovate, acute to acuminate, 8 to 10 cm long; 

 flowers showy, red, white, or variegated, racemes longer than the 

 leaves; pods oblong, spurred at tip, 8-25 cm long; seeds 2 to 3 cm 

 long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, 0.6 to 0.9 cm thick, white, red, brownish red, 

 brown, purple, or black; germination hypogeal. Probably native 

 to Mexico and Central America. 



Besides the typical scarlet-flowered, high climbing form, there 

 are several forms (or cultivars, as Bailey calls them) which have 

 been designated as follows: 



(a) albus Bailey, Man. Cult. PI. 396. 1924. White Dutch 

 Runner. — Phaseolus multiflorus var. albiflorus D. C. Prod. 

 2:392. 1825. Phaseolus multiflorus var. albus Martens 

 Gartenb. 82. 1860. Lipusa multiflora var. alba Alef. 

 Landw. Fl. 26. 1866. Phaseolus coccineus var. albiflorus 

 Bailey Gent. Herb. 7:125. 1923. 



Flowers white; pods 10 to 12 cm. long; seeds white. Grown 

 primarily for the edible seeds. 



(b) rubroiiuims Bailey, Gent. Herb. 1:125. 1923. 



A bushy form with red or scarlet flowers. 



(c) :il bona mi-. Bailey, Gent. Herb. 1:125. 1923. 



A bushy form with white flowers which has been advertised as 

 a bush lima. 



(dj bicolor Van Es. comb. nov. Butterfly Runner. — Phaseolus 



bicolor Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 311. 1825. P. multiflorus var. 



bicolor Martens Gartenb. 84. 1860. Lipusa multiflora 



var. bicolor Alef. Landw. Fl. 7. 1866. 



Flowers red and white; seeds variegated brown and yellow. 



Used largely as an ornamental. 



Two other forms that seem not to merit botanical designation 

 have been separated on the color of the seed. One, a pure black 

 seed form, was noted as Phaseolus multiflorus niger by Martens 

 (/. c. 82), and the other, with small brownish yellow seeds, as 

 Lipusa multiflora lucida Alef. (/. c. 27). 



All forms of the runner bean produce seeds of high value as 

 food, but the white-seeded forms are usually preferred, while others 

 are grown mostly as ornamentals. 



7. Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, PI. Wright. 

 1:43. 1852. 



Annual twining plant; branches slender, puberulent; leaves 

 3-foliate; petioles 3—4 cm long; leaflets lanceolate, 3 to 4.5 cm long, 

 peduncles 2 to 5 flowered, shorter than the leaves; flowers white 

 or purplish; calyx bilabiate, the upper lip scarcely emarginate 

 dentate, the lateral and lower lobes deltoid, acute or acuminate; 

 standard broad, emarginate; wings obovate to spatulate, longer 

 than standard; keel narrow, coiled; stamens diadelphous (9 and 1); 

 pod about 5 cm long, 7-10 seeded; seeds oval, slightly compressed. 

 Native to Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. 



There are two well-marked subspecies (or botanical varieties) 

 differing largely in the shape of the leaves, as follows: 



(a) tenuifolius A. Gray. PI. Wright. 2:33. 1853.— Phaseolus 

 tenuifolius Woot. & Standi. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:140. 

 1913. Leaflets linear oblong to elongated linear, petiolules of 

 terminal leaflet 0.8 to 1.2 cm long. Apparently the common 

 form in the western part of the species range. 



(b) latifolius Freeman, Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 68. 589. 

 1912. Tepary Bean. — Phaseolus acutifolius var. 

 (unnamed) A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2:33. 1853. 



This is the cultivated tepary of the arid regions of Arizona 

 and Northern Mexico. A very careful and complete description 

 was made by Freeman (1. c.) based on a large amount of material. 

 It is here repeated: 



" Annual, stems recumbent, spreading or twining, .5-3 m long, 

 glabrous to puberulent. Leaves smooth above with prominent 

 veins beneath, glabrous throughout or slightly puberulent beneath. 

 Stipules lanceolate, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad, striate, appressed. 

 Petioles slender, 2-10 cm long (ave. length 6.8 cm). Leaflets 

 stipellate. Terminal leaflet stalked, large, 4-9.5 cm long (ave. 

 length 6.4 cm), 2, 2-5.2 cm wide (ave. width 3.7 cm) average ratio 

 of length to width 1.74., ovate to broadly lanceolate, at the apex 

 gradually narrowed and acute. Petiolule of terminal leaflets 

 1.6-3.4 cm (ave. length 2.2 cm) 'ong. The side leaflets are the 

 same general shape as the terminal leaflet but slightly smaller and 

 inequilateral. Length 3.8-7.8 cm (ave. length 5.6 cm) width 

 2.0-5.0 cm (ave. width 3.3 cm). Inflorescence axillary, leaves 

 superior, peduncles slender, in the upper part bearing 2-5 flowers. 

 Bracts and bractlets small, deciduous. Flowers medium sized, 

 pedicellate, white or pale violet. Calyx short, 3-4 mm long, 

 broadly campanulate, four toothed (the upper two lobes united 

 into one), teeth acuminate, pubescence on teeth and calyx scattered 

 and fragile. Banner broad, emarginate, in flower more than half 

 reflexed, at the base biauriculate, 8-10 mm long. Wings exceeding 

 the banner, obovate to spatulate, 10-15 mm long on one side auricu- 

 late. Keel narrow, two or three turns to the spiral. Stamens 

 united in two sets (9 and 1). Legume 2-7 seeded [average 4.9), 

 5-9 cm long (ave. 7.3 cm), 8-13 mm wide (ave. 10.5 mm) ciliate when 

 young, puberulent, slightly pubescent or smooth when mature, 

 straight or slightly curved. Seed of different varieties white, 

 yellow, brown or bluish black to deep violet, either self-colored or 

 variously flecked. No red seeded varieties have yet been observed. 

 In form the seeds are round-oval to nearly round, as is the Navy 

 bean, to strongly flattened like a diminutive lima." 



Freeman found about a dozen varieties that breed 

 true to type and over 30 others, many of which were 

 tested insufficiently to determine the amount of vari- 

 ability. The most important forms were the White 

 Tepary, the Speckled Yellow, and the Brown Speckled. 

 The first has since come into considerable prominence 



