40 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



France, having been listed in that country for thirty 

 years. 



Plant rather tall, vigorous, not early, but productive, with 

 long, nearly straight, broad pods, approaching cylindrical, rather 

 short-tipped, fleshy, not much swollen by beans, soon stringy and 

 parchmented, light green to pale yellow; usually more or less splashed 

 with purple. Seeds very large, broad-oblong or very long ovate, 

 tobacco brown with darker eye-ring, without gloss and seed coat 

 very dull, almost rough, distinct from all others of the type. 



Dwarf Soissons. Refs. 13, 28, 47, 51, 56, 93, 94. A 



variety that is very similar to the Dwarf Caseknife 

 group. Wing and others use the name as a synonym 

 for names in that group, but Vilmorin, Martens and 

 Denaiffe make it distinct, the separatory characters 

 being taller plants, more productive, of shorter pods, 

 one less seed to the pod, smaller, plumper seeds and later 

 in season. 



Early Refugee. Refs. 5, 9, 16, 26, 29, 30, 48, 49. 

 59, 61, 77, 80, 81, 91. Syns. Early one-Thousand-to-one, 

 Excelsior, Extra Early Refugee, Excelsior Refugee, 

 Pages Extra Early. In Annals or Horticulture 1891 

 (Bailey) Early Refugee is said to have been introduced 

 by Henderson. Both Tracy and Jarvis credit Thorburn 

 with its introduction in 1888 with the added information 

 that it was developed by a market gardener in the 

 vicinity of New York after continuous selection from 

 Refugee. It is similar to Red Valentine; a good shipper 

 and is used somewhat for canning altho for that purpose 

 Stringless Refugee is the better suited. At Geneva 50 

 days to first pods, 4 to 5 days later than earliest varieties 

 but about ten days earlier than Stringless Refugee. 



Early Refugee differs from Refugee in several 

 important respects: the plants are more dwarf, usually 

 1 foot or less tall, heavier, more erect, stems much 

 branched but runnerless, making a very compact bushy 

 growth with the foliage slightly darker; pods shorter, 

 more crease-backed, slightly more curved with longer 

 tips; seeds are perhaps a shade darker. The pods 

 are also similar to those of Red Valentine but longer, 

 more slender, with a slight amount of purple splashing 

 at shell stage, and the point is more curved. 



Plant similar to plants of Refugee but smaller, not as pro- 

 ductive nor as long in season. Pods borne below foliage; light 

 moderately waxy green in color. Quality good; very brittle, 

 some string, quite fiberless and fine in texture. Size medium long, 

 quite narrow and plump (3J£-4J^ x :; ,- ' _> x N-'j inches) con- 

 taining 5-6 seeds per pod. Shape round, nearly circular in cross- 

 section, slightly curved, straight backed or slightly crease-backed, 

 regular, not crowded, smooth, filled to the tip and edge and rounded 

 on the end. Spur long, slender and recurved. Suture, placental 

 is slightly indented and carpellary, obtuse to rounded. 



Seeds medium, 1.4 x .6 x .55 cm (90-95 per oz.), oblong, nearly 

 cylindrical, very plump; ends abruptly rounded to truncate. Hilum 

 small, flat. Color very dark bluish-black or purple (dusky violet 

 blue i instead of the lighter shade of purple as in Refugee, splashed 

 and mottled over the entire surface with pale buff (pale pinkish 

 cinnamon.) 



Eclair. A foreign variety which was brought to 

 this country by Thorburn in 1904 and which was distinct 

 from the variety known as Lightning, which is the 

 English equivalent of the French name. According to 

 Thorburn the originator, who is unknown, said it was 

 the earliest of all dwarf snap beans, or more than two 



weeks ahead of White Lyonnaise, which it resembles 

 in its very long, slender, round, fleshy, stringless green 

 pods. 



Emile. Refs. 97, 98. Perrier originated this old 

 French variety shortly before 1880; its short pods 

 prevented it from becoming one of the leading green- 

 pod snap and green-shell beans. It was grown at this 

 Station and at the Missouri Botanical Garden, where 

 Irish considered it the same as Osborn, a very similar 

 English variety. It was also listed commercially in 

 America but apparently never grown as much as its 

 merits would seem to warrant. It was very early, 

 very productive, and its pods held their attractive green 

 color over a long period. 



Plant very dwarf, without runners or twining habit. Foliage 

 abundant, dark green; leaflets of medium size, broadly obovate, 

 taper pointed, somewhat curled. Flowers blush pink. Pods green, 

 not marked purplish, rarely over 4 inches long, stocky, round in 

 cross-section, somewhat swollen by seeds, thick-fleshed, stringless 

 and fiberless, of fine quality. Seeds 5 or 6, rather more than half- 

 an-inch long, half as wide, oblong, only slightly tapering toward one 

 end, ends well rounded, mottled, dark chocolate purple over light 

 brown, like Mohawks in color, but much broader in proportion to 

 length. 



Everbearing. Refs. 48, 50, 51, 91. This is a 

 French bean of the Flageolet type introduced there in 

 1897 by Vilmorin and into America in 1899 by Burpee. 

 In France, where snap pods are used very early, this 

 bean soon became popular; but in America the variety 

 cannot be used for string beans since the pods are tough 

 and stringy at the size we harvest them. It was con- 

 sidered a fair quality green-shell bean, but quite inferior 

 to many other varieties of this type. It soon disappeared 

 from cultivation in this country. 



Plant very much like that of Dwarf Caseknife but character- 

 ized by production of late flowers in clusters high above the foliage. 

 Leaflets rather longer and narrower. Pods shorter, more slender 

 and thinner. Seeds smaller and not as broad, somewhat 

 kidney-shaped. 



Feltham Prolific. Refs. 53. This is a variety 

 that was introduced by Watkins & Simpson, London, 

 England (trial grounds at Feltham), in 1919, and reached 

 America in 1921. 



It is almost identical with Magpie, but an improvement on 

 that variety in having pods more slender, less stringy and fibrous 

 and not showing seeds until long past string bean stage. Smaller 

 in every way than Magpie. Plant shorter; leaflets a little finer. 

 Pods shorter and more slender; almost straight. Seeds smaller, 

 usually square at ends thru crowding in pods, marked white and 

 brown (sudan) instead of white and black, the color being dis- 

 tributed as in Magpie. 



Flageolet Victoria. Refs. 49, 50. Tho bearing 

 the name Flageolet, that of a French group of beans, 

 this variety apparently did not originate in France, 

 since Denaiffe said that it had not been adopted in his 

 country. It was introduced into America in 1894, by 

 Henderson, who listed it only three years. Afterwards 

 Thorburn carried it for three or four years, but it never 

 became very popular. 



Plants about 1 ' | feet tall, very vigorous, with " enormous " 

 leaves. Flowers white. Pods very long, 5 ' ■> to 6 inches, occasion- 

 ally 8 to 10 inches, flat, nearly straight, with long, slender tips. 

 green, quite fleshy, swollen by beans, but soon stringy and fibrous. 



