74 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



with pinkish-flesh background shaded buff, with spots, 

 dashes, and curved streaks or bands, usually interrupted, 

 of dark purplish crimson, base color darkening with age 

 to light, then dark brown, and markings to purplish 

 maroon, then dark maroon. Seeds of Burr's Dwarf 

 Horticultural, the newer type, were one-sixth larger than 

 those of Dwarf Cranberry; and the better strains of 

 Ruby Horticultural are about as much larger than those 

 of the old Dwarf Horticultural, averaging now about 50 

 to the ounce. Dwarf Horticultural is an early strain, 

 60 days for shell beans, about 10 days earlier than 

 French Horticultural, the pods are also less highly 

 colored and shorter. 



Pods borne both above and below foliage; color light green 

 in snap stage, changing to white and splashed with carmine in the 

 green shell stage. Quality fair; rather tough, stringless, little or no 

 fiber, but rather coarse in texture. Si2e medium long, broad, and 

 quite plump i5 5 ' _• x ■" ' s :i . l x '■'■ , s - ; 7 6 inches), containing 4-6 seeds 

 per pod. Shape flattened, ovate in cross-section, nearly straight but 

 occasionally slightly curved, straight backed, regular, crowded, 

 smooth, filled to the tip and edge, and rounded at the end. Spur 

 short, thick and straight. Suture, placental is slightly indented 

 and carpellary, acute. 



Seeds medium to large, 1.35 x .9 x .7 cm. (60-65 per oz.); oval 

 to short-oblong, plump; very abruptly rounded ends, occasionally 

 truncate. Hilum medium, flat. Color deep buff (pinkish buff) 

 which later changes to light brown, streaked and spotted irregularly 

 over the entire surface with very dark red (ox-blood red to maroon) ; 

 narrow, medium brown eye-ring. 



Firebrand. The origin of this variety is unknown. 

 It was offered by Schell as a wonderful new bean deriving 

 its name from its color. It could well be a development 

 of Improved Goddard or Crimson Beauty crossed with 

 a wax-podded variety. 



Plant large, foliage abundant, leaflets rounder than those of 

 Crimson Beauty, more crumpled, heavy veined, thick. Flowers 

 phlox pink. 



Pod yellow, faint streaks appear early on the long pods, later 

 beautifully marked carmine; they are fleshy, practically stringless; 

 and contain seeds which are very large, often ? 4 inch or more long, 

 broad, flattened, curved kidney-shape, with longitudinal, curved 

 " zebra " markings raying out from the eye, and frequently with 

 one band extending over dorsum, or crest, of bean. 



French Horticultural. This is a rather distinct 

 selection from Dwarf Horticultural which has gradually 

 replaced other similar varieties. The pods are larger, 

 6 to 7 inches long, flat, round at green shell stage, 

 straight to slightly curved, dark green color turning 

 greenish yellow and heavily splashed or speckled with 

 bright red. The plants have a tendency to throw out 

 short runners, but it is not a true climber. The strain 

 grown at Geneva produced plants and pods very similar 

 to Tewksbury Dwarf Horticultural, a popular sort in 

 Massachusetts. 



Marblehead Horticultural. Refs. 16, 36, 48, 61, 



87, 91. This variety was introduced in 1882, after a 

 year's trial by Gregory, who said its origin was unknown, 

 but later credited to a Mr. Dodge, Beverly, Mass. 



Plant similar to Ruby Horticultural, earlier if anything; 

 taller, more open, more erect, runnerless; pods not as wide, darker 

 in color, marked purplish, very fibrous; seeds often truncate at end 

 and with brown rather than reddish markings. 



Pottawottomie. Refs. 13. The name evidently 

 refers to an Indian bean described by Burr. The beans 



were well flavored, equal to horticulturals for green 

 shell beans, and very late. 



Plant very strong and vigorous, with large, luxuriant foliage 

 and flesh white flowers. Pods and seeds apparently very similar 

 to those of Goddard, former 6 inches long, green, then mottled and 

 streaked lively rose red on cream, the markings becoming purplish 

 at maturity, very tough and stringy: the seeds 5, rarely 6, light 

 creamy pink, streaked and spotted red or reddish brown, duller and 

 darker with age, reaching cinnamon brown, kidney-shaped, 3 4 inch 

 long, half as wide. 



Red Speckled. Refs. 47, 93, 94. This is the fore- 

 runner to Boston Favorite and, according to Burr ( 1863 ), 

 had been grown in American gardens for over two 

 centuries. In its improved form or successor, Boston 

 Favorite or Goddard, it is still extensively grown. The 

 original variety has been long cultivated and highly 

 esteemed in England and France and is also well known 

 in Germany. According to Wing, seeds from Venezuela, 

 grown here in 1884, produced Red Speckled; so the 

 variety may have an even longer American history. 

 The pods were of only medium quality as snaps, but the 

 beans green or dry were excellent. As grown here in 

 1883, it was quite late and only moderately productive. 



Rustproof Intermediate Horticultural. Syn. 

 Tewksbury. This variety bears several quite different 

 names, but according to Edgar Gregory all strains came 

 originally from one source, so we include all under the 

 one first listed. It is said to have originated with Mr. 

 Chandler, Tewksbury, Mass., or he at least accumulated 

 stock of it for sale. The name French, or Tewksbury, 

 is quite intimately associated with one group of synonyms 

 which may have been the name of an earlier grower. 

 Mr. Gregory considered it the best of the numerous 

 Dwarf Horticulturals, but until lately it has not been 

 as popular as the Ruby strain. It is very productive, 

 but late and useful mainly for green-shell beans. 



Plant tall, 1 ' 2 ft., erect, but with many short runners; 

 foliage medium green, rough with large leaflets broad at base and 

 tapering evenly to sharp point (Tewksbury has leaflets duller, 

 darker green, decidedly smaller, more noticeably pointed), flowers 

 white, cream or blushed, according to age and strain, those of 

 Tewksbury lighter; pods long, 6'4 to 7 inches, or more, straight, 

 more pointed than rounded at ends, with long, slender, straight 

 tips, beautifully marked with carmine and very attractive, but 

 soon rather stringy and tough; seeds larger than any except best 

 strains of Ruby, inclined to curve more on dorsum, making them 

 appear broader, with markings more in patches, occasionally large, 

 than in bands and dashes. 



THE FIELD BEANS 

 Field beans (edible dry beans) belong botanically 

 with the varieties mentioned in preceding sections, 

 viz., pole garden beans, dwarf garden beans, and horti- 

 cultural shell beans. It can rightly be said that the 

 group of varieties represented here are the principal 

 beans of commerce. They are the varieties producing 

 the dry edible bean, a basic food found in the markets 

 of cities on every continent. There are 55 varieties 

 mentioned in this section and it might be assumed, 

 since dry beans are grown over so wide a territory and 

 since their value measured in monetary terms is so 

 great, that the number of varieties to be described would 

 be much greater. Hardenburg [Bean Culture, 



