84 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



First of All was called new by Vilmorin in 1883, 

 who credits its origination to Mons. Bonnemain, Secre- 

 tary of the Etampes Horticultural Society. As tested 

 at Geneva it was considered the same as White Flageloet 

 but earlier and more vigorous. French Flageolet origin- 

 ated by the same improver was also considered as an 

 improved White Flageolet. Vaughan considered French 

 Flageolet to be a sport of Canadian Wonder (crimson 

 seeded). Stanton is probably White Flageolet. It was 

 brought into Onondaga County many years before 1893 

 by Rufus Stanton. The notes regarding earliness and 

 size, shape, color, and quality of the beans prove it very 

 similar to the Flageolets; yet the failure to mention 

 extra length of pods excludes French Flageolet. 



Plant 1 J 3 to 1 ' 2 feet tall, often smaller, strong, many branches, 

 not twining, quite leafy; leaflets dark green, rather small, broadly 

 ovate, often slightly heart-shaped, short-pointed, rather thin and 

 papery. Flowers white. Pods 5 ' jj to 6 inches long, sickle shaped, 

 green while young, yellowish white at maturity. Ready as snaps 

 in 7 weeks, as green shells in eleven weeks, and mature in thirteen 

 weeks. Very productive, young pods crisp and tender. Seeds 6, 

 rarely 7, white, kidney-shaped, flattened, three-fourths inch long, 

 three-tenths inch broad; either green or ripe remarkable for delicacy 

 of flavor, ripe seed polished, ivory like, white. 



White Kidney. Refs. 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 28, 29, 



38, 43, 47, 48, 49, 54, 56, 61, 63, 66, 77, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98. 

 Syns. Imperial Dwarf Kidney, Royal Dwarf Kidney, 

 White Date Bean. Beans of the White Kidney type are 

 more than a century old in the United States, appearing 

 in the catalog of Thorburn as early as 1822. The White 

 Canterbury beans of Mawe-Abercrombie were small- 

 podded snap beans; but Long White Canterbury grown 

 at Geneva in 1883 was found to duplicate White Kidney, 

 though ripe two weeks earlier and far less disease- 

 resistant. White Swiss was equally hardy, but put 

 out more runners and produced larger, oblong rather 

 than kidney-shaped, pure white beans. Krup Morgen- 

 hauser, grown at this Station in 1883, was a White 

 Kidney with many runners. Oliver Field, introduced 

 by Vaughan in 1906, was said by him to be as early as 

 the Marrows; but Tracy, after a rather incomplete trial, 

 considered it to be only a very good stock of White 

 Kidney. Martens classed White Kidney under Phaseo- 

 lus oblongus albus. 



White Kidney is very similar in most respects to 

 Red Kidney, later in season, with seed white instead of 

 red, and leaflets larger and wider. Imperial or White 

 Imperial is sometimes grown in place of White Kidney. 

 Seed of Imperial is smaller, straighter across the eye, less 

 yellow around eye, veining more prominent. 



Plant very large, 15 to 18 inches tall with spread of 15 inches 

 or less; very erect, bushy, compact, without runners; very vigorous, 

 productive of long bearing period; thick stemmed, moderately 

 branched, green thruout. Foliage abundant, dark green; leaf sur- 

 face crumpled, rough, heavy veined, slightly pubescent, thick, 

 leaflets large, 5 inches long by 4 inches wide, widest near base, 

 terminal leaflet well rounded, side leaflets often quite one sided, 

 but even so, rounded, appearing as circular except for short triangle 

 with short tip. Flowers white. 



Pods borne both above and below the foliage: light green in 

 color. Quality poor; very stringy, tough and fibrous. Size long, 

 broad, and slender, S'^x 2 .-',! ', inches, containing 5-6 

 seeds per pod. Shape flat, ovate in cross-section, straight backed, I 



regular to somewhat constricted, crowded, smooth, filled to the tip 

 and edge and rounded at the end. Spur long, slender and recurved. 

 Suture, placental is flat to somewhat rounded, and carpellary, acute. 

 Seeds large, 1.6x.8x.6 cm. (45-50 per oz.l, oblong to dis- 

 tinctly reniform, fairly plump to somewhat flattened; ends rounded. 

 Hilum medium, somewhat protuberant. Color white to slightly 

 cream, especially about the hilum, dull, distinctly veined. 



\^ bite Lental. The name Lental may be a mis- 

 spelling of lentil, a group of forage and seed -producing 

 plants allied to the peas which have lens-shaped seeds 

 only slightly smaller in diameter than the length of the 

 seeds of White Lental. White Lental is, however, a true 

 bean which appears identical with a Russian (Siberian) 

 variety grown here under the name Small White Ekat- 

 erinoslav. It is early, ripens evenly, and produces good 

 yields of small pods. The beans, which are very small, 

 are said to be unequalled in flavor for soups or baking. 

 Gill Bros, introduced this bean in 1918. 



Plants very similar to those of Navy Pea, but smaller, more 

 slender and finer in every way, much branched and with many short 

 runners. Pods short, 2J4 to 2 7 g inches long, of medium width, 

 round, plump, slightly constricted, well filled, with rounded to 

 pointed ends and long, slender, recurving tips. Seeds about 6, very 

 short oval approaching spherical, usually less than ] 4 inch long, 

 almost as wide, and more than half as thick, cream-colored. 



White Marrow. Refs. 10, 13, 16, 29, 41, 43, 48, 



49, 61, 63, 77, 91. Syns. Dwarf White Cranberry, Great 

 Western, Marrowfat, Mountain, White Cranberry, 

 White Marrowfat, White Egg. Although a very old 

 variety grown in the United States for more than a 

 century, White Marrow is still more widely listed under 

 this name or some of its many variants and synonyms 

 than any other field bean except Red Kidney, though 

 both of these are grown on smaller acreages than Navy 

 or Boston Pea bean. Large Marrow, or Mountain, is 

 probably identical to White Mammoth, the differences, 

 if constant, lying in the direction of more slender plants 

 with longer runners and possibly larger seeds. Boston 

 Marrow was listed in 1856 as a baking bean and has 

 been offered more or less constantly since that time by 

 a few seedsmen, but its cultivation seems to be very 

 local. Its seeds are noticeably larger than those of 

 Large White Marrow. It appears to be a selection of 

 White Marrow. 



Plants large, 1 ] g to 1 ! 2 feet tall, with heavy stems and many 

 branches, very spreading and with many quite long, trailing runners, 

 green thruout; foliage medium green, slightly crumpled; leaflets 

 4 to 4 1 2 inches long, 3 3 4 to 4 inches wide near base, slightly rounded 

 to short, blunt tip. Flowers white. Pods 5 inches long or more, 

 almost straight, sometimes slightly hooked or enlarged near tip, 

 nearly ' 2 inch wide, thick, constricted between beans, green, not 

 edible. Seeds 5, occasionally 6, rather short, plump ovate, with 

 fully rounded ends, about 80 to the ounce. 



Yellow Eye. Refs. 23, 43, 48, 77, 91, 97, 98. 



Syns. Dot Eye, Imperial Yellow Eye, Improved Yellow 

 Eye, Molasses Face, Yellow-Eyed China. Beans of the 

 Yellow Eye type are very old and exceedingly apt to 

 vary, through environmental conditions as well as by 

 breeding and selection, so considerable confusion exists 

 in bean literature in regard to the different strains. The 

 oldest known reference is that in Martens whose illus- 

 tration shows a type very similar to that of the Old- 

 Fashioned Yellow Eye of Jarvis. Burr's description of 



