SQUASHES AND PUMPKINS 



49 



to what we now call summer squash. The fruits were 

 called " quaasiens," " Sitroules," " symnels,'* or " cim- 

 nels." Robert Beverley in his " History of Virginia " 

 in 1722 speaks of the shield -shaped or clypeate kinds 

 and says that they are sometimes called cymnels, from 

 the Lenten cake of that name, which many of them 

 very much resemble. He adds that the northern Indians 

 call them squash or squanter -squash. 



While in most sections they are called Scallop 

 squash, yet in certain localities they are known as 

 Patty-pans, a word derived from their resemblance to 

 a crimped pan used in the kitchen for baking pies. In 

 Sturtevant's Notes there are many citations to the Bush 

 or Summer Squash indicating that they were known 

 in Europe in the Sixteenth Century. They have, because 

 of earliness, always been a popular sort and their use 

 is increasing, especially when taken in the very young 

 stages of fruit development. 



First edible fruits were produced at Geneva in 56 

 days, 4 days earlier than Yellow Bush Scallop, and 2 

 days later than Long Island White Bush. The plants 

 are slightly more vigorous than those of Long Island 

 White Bush and have slightly larger leaves. The pis- 

 tillate flowers are larger and have ovaries which are 

 decidedly more deeply scalloped. The mature edible 

 fruits are much more irregular and deeply scalloped, 

 and retain the white skin color much longer after full 

 maturity. 



Piant bush; central stem coarse, moderately vigorous, spread 

 3 ! j-4 feet; branches moderately few, basal. Cotyledons moderately 

 short and medium broad, 2' 4 x l' : > inches, oval; apex moderately 

 rounded; color moderately dark green. Leaves moderately large, 

 12 x 15 inches, broadly five-cleft; sinus moderately deep, acute; 

 margin slightly incised near the base, otherwise denticulate, slightly 

 frilled; surface moderately blistered, occasionally somewhat 

 crumpled; color dark glossy green; petiole long and heavy, 18-20 

 inches. Flower — pistillate, moderately large, 6 inches across, 

 orange; ovary disk -like, very deeply scalloped; sepals very short and 

 very slender, '4 inch; — staminate, large, 7 inches across; sepals 

 medium long and slender, 1 inch; pedicle short, 6-7 inches. 



Fruit mature edible stage 2 1 2~3 x 5-7 inches; shape disk-like, 

 ribbed widely; furrows deep; surface wrinkled, occasionally some- 

 what waited: skin color nearly white. Mature fruits very small, 

 3-3 1 •> x 7 ] 2~9 inches; weight 2 ] 2-3 pounds. Shape broad, bowl- 

 like, very prominently marked with large projections about the 

 periphery of the medial, usually perpendicular to the stem, but 

 often turned towards the base; surface nearly smooth, occasionally 

 slightly warted, very shallowly creased to conform with stem 

 ridges; skin color white: fruit stalk moderately short and slender, 

 2 ' 2-3 inches, slightly curved, shallowly furrowed, expanded at 

 attachment. Shell hard, brittle and thin, ' g inch creamy white 

 cartridge buffi. 



Seed moderately small; moderately short, moderately broad 

 and moderately flat, 1.42 x .77 x .24 cm. (296 per oz. ; face smooth, 

 very pale, glossy yellowish buff pale ochraceous salmon); margin 

 wedge-like. 



\Uiitr Summer Crookneck. Refs. 33, 41, 64, 

 73, 129, 130. Syns. Cream-colored Crookneck, 

 Early White Crookneck, Giant White Summer 

 Crookneck. 

 This rather beautiful summer Crookneck was intro- 

 duced in 1895 by the originators, D. M. Ferry 8s Co., 

 of Detroit, Michigan. Its parentage is unknown but 



it was said to have resulted from a cross made on the 

 Ferry farms. The variety is listed by a few firms today 

 but in general a Crookneck with some yellow color is 

 preferred. 



The fruits of this variety resembled these of Summer 

 Crookneck in all respects except in color of skin, which 

 was an ivory white over the entire surface. 



Winter Luxury. Refs. 17, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 38, 73, 



90, 97, 115, 121, 130. Syns. Golden Russet, 

 Livingston's Pie Squash, Luxury Pie, New Pie, 

 New Winter Luxury, Pie, Queen, Queen Luxury, 

 Standard Pie, Winter Queen. 

 This pumpkin of high quality was introduced inde- 

 pendently as Winter Luxury in 1893 by Johnson & 

 Stokes of Philadelphia and as Livingston's Pie Squash 

 in 1894 by A. W. Livingston's Sons of Columbus, Ohio. 

 Livingston reported having found it in the garden of 

 one of his farmer customers who had grown it many 

 years. The fine and close netting resembled that found 

 on seme muskmelons and the beautiful golden yellow 

 color caused some to note its general color resemblance 

 to the russet apple. 



Gill Bros., Portland, Oregon, in 1920 offered Orange 

 Winter Luxury with fruits which compared with the 

 original with the exception of the general ground color 

 which was of a rich orange instead of the lighter lemon 

 yellow. This strain has gradually replaced the old and 

 is that described below. 



Winter Luxury matured at Geneva in 105 days, 

 which was 15 days earlier than Connecticut Field and 

 5 days later than Small Sugar. The vines are somewhat 

 more vigorous than those of Small Sugar, have leaves 

 which are somewhat more cut and flowers which are 

 larger and paler orange in color. The fruits are slightly 

 larger, much less furrowed and somewhat lighter in 

 color, while the flesh is thicker but lighter orange in color. 



Plant trailing; vines slender, moderately vigorous, 10-12 feet 

 long, very dark green at the base; branches moderately many, basal. 

 Cotyledons moderately long and moderately broad, 2 ' 2 x 1 5 5 inches', 

 long oval: apex moderately rounded; color moderately light green. 

 Leaves moderately small, 11 x 14 inches, broadly five-lobed, moder- 

 ately deep; sinuses rounded at the base: margin rather deeply incised 

 near the base of the blade, remainder serrate, very slightly frilled; 

 surface smooth and occasionally slightly crumpled; color dark 

 green; petiole medium long and slender, 10-12 inches. Flower — 

 pistillate, medium size, 5-6 inches across, yellow; ovary globular; 

 sepals short and moderately slender, 3 s inch; — staminate, medium 

 size, 6-6 '2 inches across; sepals medium long and heavy, 3 4 inch; 

 pedicle moderately short, 8-9 inches. 



Fruit moderately small, 6-7 x 9-10 inches; weight 7-8 pounds. 

 Shape nearly globular, distinctly depressed at base and apex; 

 ribbed rather narrowly; furrows shallow; blossom scar depressed, 

 somewhat corky, 1 ' j-1 \i inches in diameter; surface uniformly 

 and finely laced with a light gray 1 cartridge buff), very shallow, 

 cork-like netting; skin color orange ochraceous orange to zinc 

 orange 1. Fruit stalk long and moderately slender, 5-6 inches, 

 slightly curved, rough, moderately deep-ridged, woody and tough, 

 slightly expanded at attachment. Shell moderately hard and thin, 

 ,',,- ' a inch. Flesh moderately thick, 1 ] •_< 1 ' j inches, thickest at 

 the medial; texture moderately fine, slightly juicy, tender; slightly 

 sweet, quality good: color pale orange (ochraceous buff). Seed cavity 

 moderately large; placental tissue moderately moist, tender and 

 easily removed. 



