100 



THE VEGETABLES OF NEW YORK 



of the first attempts to improve this condition was 

 initiated by the A. W. Livingston's Sons Seed Com- 

 pany in 1889 when a desirable seedling of White Spine 

 was noticed. In 1897, after 7 years selection work, 

 Livingston introduced the variety, Emerald. This 

 variety continued as a leading sort for many years and 

 undoubtedly was a contributory factor in the develop- 

 ment of superior darker green cucumbers. It has not 

 been listed within recent years. 



The fruits were slightly longer than Arlington White 

 Spine, more nearly cylindrical, distinctly smoother 

 skinned and decidedly darker green than any other sort 

 then in existence. In comparison to present day Kirby 

 it was 2-3 inches shorter, slightly more circular in cross- 

 section and much like it in color. 



Fruit moderately short and medium plump, 6-7 x 2l^-2}4 

 inches. Shape cylindrical, straight, symmetrical; base and apex 

 rounded, medial even. Cross-section circular at all portions. Color 

 very dark green almost blue green, obscurely marked at apex with 

 very short and narrow, dark greenish yellow stripes. Tubercles 

 absent. Spines white, very sparse. Surface very smooth. Flesh 

 thick, nearly white in color. Seed mass moderately small and solid. 



Everbearing. Refs. 6, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 52, 57, 61, 62, 



63, 64, 75, 79. Syns. Earliest Everbearing, New 

 Everbearing, Thorburn Everbearing, Thorburn's 

 New Everbearing. 

 This unique variety was developed about 1888 by 

 J. M. Thorburn and Co., and introduced one or two 

 years later. Nothing is known concerning its origin 

 but its similarity to Early Russian and Siberian leads one 

 to suspect its relation to these or similar sorts. During 

 the early years of its popularity it was acknowledged 

 to be very early and exceedingly productive as evidenced 

 by the statement " The vines conitnued to flower and 

 produce fruit until killed by frost, whether the ripe 

 cucumbers are picked off or not." This so-called ever- 

 bearing habit has apparently been lost, for the stocks 

 purchased during the last 8 or 10 years fail to demonstrate 

 this characteristic. 



The fruits of Everbearing were 1-1 3^ inches longer 

 than those of Early Russian and slightly more plump. 

 The color of the two was very similar, but the tubercles 

 were more numerous and prominent on Everbearing. 



Fruit short and moderately slender, 4J^£— 5 x 2—2 T 4 inches. 

 Shape nearly cylindrical, straight; base rounded: medial slightly 

 swollen; apex rounded. Cross-section circular at the base and 

 moderately triangular at medial and apex. Color medium to rather 

 light green, tinted with yellowish white at the apex; tip stripes 

 prominent and extend one-third the length of the fruit. Tubercles 

 many, rather prominent. Spines black. Flesh thin, rather yellow- 

 ish white in color. Seed mass moderately large, with slight cavity 

 in center. 



Pickles short oval ; base rounded, apex distinctly tapered with 

 ridge and depressions rather marked. Cross-section distinctly tri- 

 angular. Color light green, tinted white near tip. Flesh greenish 

 white in color. 



Evergreen White Spine. Refs. 3, 4, 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 



29, 39, 42, 48, 56, 57, 58, 61, 64. 75, 79. Syns. 

 Century, Early Evergreen, Early Long White 

 Spine, Evergreen, Evergreen Early White Spine, 

 Extra Early Evergreen White Spine, Extra Long, 



Extra Long Evergreen, Extra Long White Spine, 

 Improved Early Long White Spine, Long Ever- 

 green White Spine, New Century, New Ever- 

 green, New Evergreen White Spine, New York 

 Extra Long Perfected White Spine, Pride of the 

 Pacific, Toledo Market Evergreen White Spine, 

 White Oak. 

 One undesirable characteristic of the old White 

 Spine was its poor color and its inability to hold the 

 green very long after it had attained prime slicing stage. 

 Various selections were made to obtain this desirable 

 character, among which was one selected by Johnson and 

 Stokes of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and introduced as 

 Evergreen White Spine in 1886. Continued selections 

 have resulted in one of our longest and most desirably 

 colored varieties. The fruits are 4-5 inches longer than 

 those of Arlington White Spine, much more cylindrical 

 and distinctly darker green in color with much narrower 

 and less prominent tip stripes. 



Fruit long and moderately plump, 10-12 x 2 1 o-3 inches. 

 Shape somewhat cylindrical, straight; base and apex moderately 

 tapered, medial slightly swollen. Cross-section circular at the base 

 and nearly so at medial and apex. Color dark green, retained well, 

 tinted pale greenish yellow at extreme apex; tip stripes narrow, 

 moderately prominent and extend one-quarter to one-third the 

 length of the fruit. Tubercles few but rather prominent. Spines 

 white. Flesh thick, very crisp and greenish white in color. Seed 

 mass moderately smooth with small triangular cavity usually 

 present. 



Fojin. Syns. Mandarin, New Early Fojin, Quality. 



Dr. Yami Kin sent several varieties and strains of 

 Chinese cucumbers to the Vaughan Seed Store some 

 years ago. After making crosses with white-spined sorts 

 and selecting the most desirable types for several years, 

 the best was introduced to the trade in 1932 by Vaughan 

 as Fojin. This was subsequently changed to Mandarin. 



The fruits are 3-4 inches shorter than those of 

 Improved Long Green, more curved and distinctly more 

 uniformly circular in cross-section. The color is much 

 like that of Chinese Three Feet, although the skin 

 surface is more warted than in that variety. 



Fruit medium long and slender, 8-9 x I s 4-2 inches. Shape 

 oblong, slightly curved; base rounded, medial even but often 

 slightly compressed, apex abruptly tapered. Cross-section cir- 

 cular at all portions. Color medium dark green, covered with 

 yellowish green speckles over the entire surface; tip stripes not very 

 prominent, narrow and extend about one-quarter the length of the 

 fruit. Tubercles few, moderately prominent. Spines white. 

 Flesh rather thin, white in color. Seed mass large, solid. 



Fordhook Famous. Refs. 6, 43, 57, 75. Syns. Early 

 Fordhook White Spine, Fordhook Fancy, Ford- 

 hook White Spine, Imperial. 

 The origin of this variety is attributed to Mr. A. 

 Mclnnis, an experienced Scotch seed grower of Ontario. 

 Canada. He crossed White Spine with Noa's Forcing 

 about 1894 and after several years selection sold his 

 entire crop to W. Atlee Burpee of Philadelphia, Pa., 

 who introduced it to the American trade in 1902. 



This is one of the largest of the White Spine sorts, 

 being fully as long as Evergreen White Spine, more 

 triangular in cross-section, not quite as dark in color 



