(92) 



poses where coarse lumber is needed. As a source of turpen- 

 tine it has been superceded by the southern long-leaved pine. 

 We find it growing freely throughout the lower part of the 

 Hudson Valley, and it forms most of the " pine-barrens " of 

 Long Island and New Jersey. (Plate 132.) 



Short-leaved Pine Pinus echinata 



On Staten Island and in adjacent New Jersey the short- 

 leaved pine reaches its most northerly known stations. The 

 trunk is tall and somewhat tapering, and usually bears numer- 

 ous branches that are slender and droop at the tip. The old 

 bark is roughly fissured and usually reddish in color. 



The leaves of the short-leaved pine are mostly in clusters 

 of twos or threes. The bases of the leaves are enclosed by 

 a tubular sheath which stays on as long as the leaf still clings 

 to the branch; in this pine the leaves often persist for three or 

 even five years. The "needles" are from 2 to 5 inches long 

 and sharp-pointed, their margins are closely and finely 

 toothed, thus feeling rough to the touch. 



The flowers come out in April or May and the pistillate 

 or " pine-cone " are almost always found at the sides of the 

 branches on short stalks. Occasionally they may grow on 

 the ends of the branches. Two or three, sometimes four, 

 grow together, and after they spread their scales, which are 

 prickle-tipped, they often hang on the branches for several 

 years. 



In North Carolina this evergreen is often tapped for tur- 

 pentine, and it is used very generally for woodworking. It 

 grows in sandy or clayey situations from Texas to Florida 

 and northward to southern New York. 



Scrub Pine Pinus virginiana 



In the lower Hudson Valley the scrub or Jersey pine as it 

 is sometimes called is scarcely more than 40 feet tall, but in 

 the west it is often 100 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter. 

 The bark is reddish-brown and splits into large plates. The 

 branches, several of which arise as successive whorls on the 

 trunk, are slender and often drooping at their tips. 



