67 



hoisting apparatus. The tackle of the Derrick was made fast to this 

 and the cylinder was lowered away into the water, the valves were 

 forced open and the air escaped. As soon as the cylinder touched 

 the bottom, the stem of the cylinder was worked backward and for- 

 ward, thus forcing the cylinder into the sand by its own weight. When 

 full of sand the valves were closed and the whole hoisted out. As 

 soon as the cylinder was lifted above the water it was swung to one 

 side, the valves opened and the contents discharged upon the platform 

 constructed for the men to work upon. The cylinder has a capacity 

 of seven cubic feet, and on an average, five cubic feet of sand was 

 lifted at each time, and a charge could be brought up every two 

 minutes. The apparatus seemed to work as well in sixteen feet of 

 water as in shallow depths. 



ENGINE AND PUMP. 



The Engine is of the kind known as the Worthington Duplex 

 Pumping Engine ; and consists, essentially of two direct acting hori- 

 zontal engines, by the side of each other ; so connected together, that 

 the motion of the one will operate the steam valves and change the 

 motion of the other. 



" In the ' Duplex' Engine the shock at the change of the stroke, is 

 avoided by the use of two double-acting water-cylinders and two sets 

 of steam-cylinders ; the whole so combined as to form one engine, de- 

 livering the water into a common air-chamber." 



" Each pump moves to the end of its stroke, and is there compelled 

 to rest absolutely still, for as much time as will allow the water-valves 

 to seat themselves quietly, instead of sending them to their seats 

 violently, by a premature motion. And as this piston ceases its 

 stroke, it communicates motion to the steam-valves of the other side 

 of the engine, so that its pump assumes the work where the first laid 

 it down, and continues it with such uniformity that the indicating 

 gauge will show scarcely any variation in the water-pressure. The 

 work requires rest from motion while the valves are closing and the 

 currents subsiding ; but in the force main the upward flow must be 

 unimpared and unbroken." 



"When we examine the engine in regard to* the quantity of metal 

 in motion, we find no large masses moving, but that the power of 

 the steam, acting direct upon the steam-piston, is transmitted through 



