30 COLLECTING AND PRESERVING. 



94 (95) On young branches, covered with earth or vegetation, gre- 



garious, conical, hard, woody, deeply furrowed, reddish and 

 juicy when young, giving out an exudation. 



And. Sieboldii. 



95 (109) On the catkins. 



96 (99) The galls small and enveloped in a mass of woolly hair. 



97 (98) The mass of hair large, dense. From 20 mm. ; June. 



And. ramuli. 



98 (97) The mass of hair small, not dense; in May and June. 



And. cirratus. 



99 (96) The galls not enveloped in a mass of woolly hair. 



100 (101) The galls pilose, brownish. And. amenti and A. pilosus. 



101 (100) The galls glabrous. 



102 (103) Globular, succulent, green with reddish cheeks. 



Neuroterus baccarum. 



103 (104) Spindle-shaped, shortly pedunculated ; green, tinged with 



red. And. seminationis. 



104 (103) Oblong or oval. 



105 (106) Irregular, the sides more or less keeled. 



106 (105) The sides keeled or furrowed all over ; the base not con- 



tracted. Length 3 mm. And. quadrilineatus. 



107 (104) The sides with only one stout keel, the base contracted. 



Length about 1 mm. A. Schlechtendali. 



108 (103) Oval or oblong, regular, the sides not keeled ; 1 — 2 mm. 



A. nudus. 



109 (95) In the young half-developed acorns, which are somewhat 



distorted. Andricus ?. 



110 (20) On Quereus cerris. 



111 (110) In the acorns. ' • And. glandium. 



112 (111) On the catkins, very irregular, massed together. 



And. aestivalis. 



113 (110) In the leaf -buds, elongate-ovate, about 2 - 5 mm. ; more or 



less gregarious. And. circulans. 



Collecting, Preserving, and Breeding of Gall-flies. 



The imagos may readily be collected by beating the 

 food plants over an umbrella, or by sweeping under or 

 on them. They may be preserved either by gumming 

 them on cards, or (and, in my opinion, far better for 

 purposes of examination) by sticking them on fine 

 pins or on silver wire, the latter being inserted into 

 small pieces of the pith of the Jerusalem artichoke. 

 The objection to the carding is that the face is hid — 

 sometimes an important organ to examine ; while, 

 again, it may be necessary to see the mesopleura. 



In view of the fact that so many of the species are 

 so much alike — indeed, in many cases not discernible 

 in the perfect state from each other — the breeding of 



