AGAMIC SPECIES. 9 



The second — the " Emigrants " — only live the time 

 necessary to transplant their buds to other plants. 



The third — the "Bourgeonuants" — reproduce with- 

 out limit so long as they have the necessary food, heat, 

 and moisture. 



Arid the fourth — the " Pupiferes " — carry in the 

 womb the sexual pupse (or at least the separate sexes) 

 which should copulate and furnish the fertile eggs. 



Lichtenstein regards the agamic Cynips as a larval 

 stage equivalent to the migratory form of the Aphis. 



The gist of this theory is that a single egg gives, 

 after a series more or less long of various forms, sexual 

 individuals, male and female ; and further, with the 

 same insects, the winged form, which appears twice in 

 the cycle of their existence, is no other than a larval 

 form of transition, and is not sexual in at least one of 

 its forms. Under this view he arranges the Cynips 

 cycle thus : 



1. CEufs de la femelle fecondee et larve en provenant dans la galle 



dure d'automne. Les fondateurs (Pseudogyna fundatrix). 



2. Ailes emigrants sans sexe, tous identiques, avec une longue 



tariere en spirale et allant piquer les bourgeons (Neuroterus 

 lenticularis) . Les emigrants (P. migrans). 



3. CEufs-bourgeons et larves en provenant, qui s'entourent d'une 



galle charnue en forme de groseille. 



Les bourgeonnants (P. gemmans). 



4. Les insectes sexues (Spathegaster baccarum, L.), males et femelles. 



Les sexues (Sexuata). 



I can hardly agree to this larval view of the agamic 

 form, more particularly when we find their ovaries 

 and eggs normal, their modes of oviposition identical; 

 when, in fact, we can explain the phenomenon by the 

 theory of parthenogenesis — that, in brief, we have here 

 no case of budding. Again, as above pointed out, we 

 have strong reasons for believing that at one time the 

 agamic females had males. 



Our agamic species, or at least those at present 

 known in only one sex, are — 



Cynips Kollari. 

 Andricus 4-lineatus. 



