330 fcEPORT ON NATIONAL MUSEUM, 188G 



Crandall — This consists of a bar of malleable iron, about 2 feet in 

 length, and slightly flattened at one end, through which is a slot three- 

 eighths of an inch wide and 3 inches long. Through this slot are passed 

 ten double-headed points of one-fourth inch square steel, 9 inches long, 

 which are held in place by a key.* 



The writer has never seen this instrument in use. 



Hand hammer. — A smooth-faced hammer, with two striking faces, 

 weighing from 2 to 5 pounds. It is used for hand-drilling, pointing, and 

 chiseling in the harder kinds of rocks (see- Fig. 1G, PI. v). The usual 

 form has both faces alike. 



Mallet — This is a wooden implement, with a cylindrical head, used in 

 place of the hammer in cutting the softer stones, as marbles and sand- 

 stones (Fig. 15, PI. Y). 



Sledge or striking hammer. — A heavy, smooth-faced hammer, weigh- 

 ing from 10 to 25 pounds, used in striking the drills in hand-drilling or 

 in driving large wedges for splitting stone, Fig. 11, PI. v. 



Pick. — An instrument resembling the ordinary pickax used in digging, 

 but somewhat shorter and stouter. It is used on the softer varieties 

 of stones for rough dressing or for channeling prior to wedging. 



Pitching chisel. — A steel chisel, the cutting face of which is rectangu- 

 lar in outline and with sharp angles or corners. It is used for trim- 

 ming down the edges to a straight line. See Fig. 7, PI. v. The chipper 

 (Fig. 6) is used for very similar purposes. 



Chisel or drove. — This is a steel chisel, the cutting edge of which is 

 drawn out wide and thin as shown in Fig. 2, PI. v. It is used princi- 

 pally on the softer varieties of rock in producing the so-called "drove 

 work." 



Splitting chisel. — A steel chisel, made as shown in Fig. 8, PI. v, and 

 used for splitting and general cutting on hard stone like granite. Other 

 forms of chisels, used only on soft stone and driven with the wooden 

 mallet, are shown in Figs. 3 and 9. 



Tooth chisel. — A chisel like the drove chisel, but with the edge toothed 

 like a saw (see Fig. 1, PI. v), used only on soft stones like marble and 

 sandstones. 



Point. — A steel implement, with the cutting end in the form of a pyra- 

 midal point (see Fig. 4, PI. v), used in the production of the finish 

 known as point work and also in the smoothing down of rough surfaces 

 prior to using the ax or some other tool for fine work. Points for use 

 on hard stone and driven by the hammer have the upper end finished 

 as shown in Figs. and 7. 



Wedge or plug. — Steel wedges vary greatly in size. Those used in the 

 process of splitting, called, plug and feather (Fig. 14, PI. v), are but two 

 or 3 inches in length, while those used in quarrying for splitting off 

 large blocks are often a foot or more long and correspondingly large. 



Hand drill. — A small steel drill from 8 to 15 inches in length, held in 



* Man. and Builder, Feb. 1885, p. 38. 



