456 REPORT ON NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1886. 



tioned as passing through this State furnishes fine, compact, light and 

 dark reddish-brown stone of a quality not at all inferior to any of that in 

 the more Northern and Eastern States. Through the energy of the late 

 Professor Kerr the museum has received a very full assortment of these, 

 and we can speak of their qualities from a personal examination. 



At Wadesborough, in Anson County, the stone lies in beds from 

 2 to 10 feet in thickness, which are inclined at an angle of about 25° 

 from the horizontal. It is of fine, even grain, quite massive, and of dark 

 brown and reddish colors. Heretofore it has been used chiefly for 

 railroad work and for steps and general trimming purposes in Charlotte 

 and Wilmington, but is worthy of a wider application. Within the 

 past year steps have "been taken to introduce it into the markets of 

 Washington and other of our eastern cities. The chemical composition 

 and crushing strength are given in the tables. 



The Sanford stone is of a brown color and is said to lie in the quar- 

 ries in nearly horizontal strata from 1 to 5 feet in thickness. The stone 

 from near Egypt is quite similar in appearance. Near Durham it be- 

 comes in part of a gray color, but otherwise is little different. This 

 stone has been used in Raleigh for upwards of thirty years and shows 

 itself to be strong and durable. 



Ohio. — According ti Professor Orton* those rocks of the sub-Carbon, 

 iferous period called by the Ohio Geological Survey the Waverly group, 

 are the most important as to production of building stone in the geo- 

 logical scale of this State. The following section shows the arrange- 

 ment of this formation: 



1. Maxville limestones, in patches. 4. Berea shale. 



2. Logan group. 5. Berea grit. 



3. Cuyahoga shale. 6. Bedford sbale. 



Of these, number 1 occurs but seldom. Number 2 consists of fine- 

 grained sandstones overlying and alternating with massive conglomer- 

 ate in the central and southern part of the State. In thickness about 

 100 feet. The W T averly conglomerate is a member of this group. Number 

 3, about 300 ieet in thickness, is a blue argillaceous shale in many 

 parts of the State, but in many places contains scattered courses of 

 sandstone of great value. Number 4 is from 10 to 30 feet thick, and 

 number 5 is the Berea grit, the great quarry rock of northern Ohio. 

 This formation is from 10 to 75 feet in thickness, and extends in a 

 belt from Williamsfield, in the southeastern corner of Ashtabula County, 

 westward into Erie County, and thence nearly directly southward in 

 Adams County to the Ohio River. The stratum of sandstone where it 

 is best developed consists of heavy sheets, with often a course at the 

 top of thin, broken layers, called shell rode, and of no value for building 

 stone. Number is from 10 to 100 feet in thickness, and furnishes no 

 building stone, excepting in Cuyahoga County, where it yields the well- 

 known "Euclid bluestoue." 



* Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, Vol. V, p. 57d. 



