Bibliography of u. s. national museum. . 677 



Henry G. Beyer. The Influence of Cocaii*, Atropine *| and Caffeine on the Heart | 

 and Blood-vessels. | By | II. G. Beyer, M. D.,M.R. C. 8., | Passed Assistant Sur- 

 geon, U. S.N., Plonorary Curator, Section Materia Mediea, | U. S. National Mu- 

 seum. | — j From | The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. | July, 1885. 

 8vo. pp. 1-3]. Plates, 2. 



Also published under the title "Biological deductions from a comparative study of the in- 

 fluoncoof Cocaine and Atropine on the Organs of Circulation." (Abstract.) F roc. Am. Ass. 

 Adv. ScL, xxxiv, 1885, pp. 318-321. This abstract and the one below published together as 

 separates. 



In this paper the conclusions arrived at were stated to bo about as follows, viz : The atro- 

 pine-muscarine antagonism, as manifested by the heart, is probably of a muscular nature 

 lather than a nervous phenomenon, as has been supposed hitherto. Atropine stimulates the 

 endings of both vagus and accelerator nerves within the heart as well as the muscular sub- 

 stance of the organ. Cocaine affects the nerve-endings in the same manner as atropine does ; 

 but, unlike the latter, has no stimulatory action on the muscular substance of the heart. 

 Henry G. Beyer. A Study of the Structure of Lingula (Glottidia)pyramidata Stimp 

 (Dall), by H. G. Beyer, M. D., F. R. C. S., Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Navy, 

 Honorary Curator, Section Materia Mediea, U. S. Natioual Museum. 



Studies from the Biological Laboratory (Johns Hopkins University), in, No. 5, 188G, pp. 227- 



Also as the Structure of Glottidia pyramidata (Stimp.) Dall. (Abstract.) Froc. Am. Ass Adv 

 ScL, xxxiv, 1885, pp. 321-324. 



This abstract and the one immediately above published together as separates. 

 The following are the prominent points brought out m this paper: 



1. Shell-structure.-The so-called horny layers of the shell are not identical in structure with 

 the penostracum, but are composed of supporting tissue and represent the homologues of the 

 vertical septa in Testicardine brachiopods. 



2. Body-wall, mantle, and peduncle.— Consist of three layers, namely: An outer ectodermal 

 covering, made up of one or more layers of small cuboidal nucleated cells, a middle layer of 

 supporting substance, variously modified according to situation, and an internal layer of lining 

 peritoneal epithelium, which latter is flattened and is provided with a small central nucleus * 



3. Alimentary canal—Consists of three layers throughout its whole extent, viz: a an ex- 

 ternal layer of very loose supporting substance, covered on its outer side witu peritoneal epi- 

 thehurn and blood-corpuscles ; b, a middle layer of extremely minute and very little differen- 

 tiated cells ; c, an internal layer of long and very narrow ciliated cells. The intestinal canal 

 opens by an anus into the mantle-chamber. 



4. Muscular structure.- All the muscles were found to be of the non-striated variety Cer- 

 tain structures which have been described as parietal muscles and as the muscle of the pe- 

 duncle were found to possess the characters of mesenchymatous-supporting substance and 

 were, accordingly, relegated to that class of tissues rather than muscles 



5. Vascular system.-No central circulatory propelling organ nor a closed system of blood- 

 vessels were found, but, instead, two oblong, pyriform, sack-like organs, situated on either side 

 ot the oesophagus, which, it was thought, might perhaps function as heart 



6. Nervovssystem.-I* anbectodeTinaLzml consists of five ganglionic enlargements, which 

 irom their respective situations, were termed as follows : 



(1) the large central subcesophageal ganglion,- (2) the two dorso-lateral or supra-oso- 

 phagcal ganglia , (3) the two ventro-lateral ganglia. They are ail joined together by a circum- 

 cesophageal commissure of fine nerve-fibers. That portion of the commissures connecting the 

 ventro-lateral with the dorso- lateral ganglia is double. Both mult.polar and apolar nervCcells 

 wore iound, all of them being comparatively small and consisting of a finely granular proto 

 plasm with a small round central nucleus. 



7. Genital organs—Both male and female organs of generation were foundpresent within the 

 same individual. The mantle-sinuses inclose a band, termed the ' ' genital band, " from which 

 ova as well as spermatophores are developed. Within the body-cavity the ova spring more 

 exclusively from the peritoneal membrane, covering the mesenteric bands and their reflected 

 portions, white the spermatophores develop from the spongy net-work of supporting substance 

 covering the lateral body-wall on its inner surface. 



William G. Binney. Department of the Interior: | U. S. National Museum. I - I 

 Bulletin | of the | U. S. National Museum. | No. 28. | A Manual of American Land 

 Shells. | By | W. G. Binney. | -•) Washington: | Government Printing Office. I 



lb8;>. 



8vo. pp. 1-523, 516 figures. 



