LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV 



THE HUMAN BEAST OF BURDEN— continued. 



Page. 



FiG. 20. Head pads, or milkmaid's pads 271 



21. Italian woman supporting empty jar 272 



22. Breast-straps 272 



2?. Decorated carrying-baskets 273 



24. Apache squaw carrying papoose frame by means of head-band. 



(From photograph in National Museum) 273 



25. The universal " par flesh" case of rawhide, used by all buffalo- 



hunting Indians 273 



26. Carrying-basket 274 



27. Portrait of a Washington negro, showing a very common method 



of burden- bearing. (From life, by W. H. Chandlee) 275 



28. Carrying-basket of the cargador 275 



29. Portrait of a Mexican cargador standing on a railroad track, 



showing the two extremes of transportation. (Original draw- 

 ing by W. H. Chandlee) 276 



30. Portrait of a Mexican butcher. (Aftersketch by William H. Holmes) 277 



31. Carrying-yoke 278 



32. Peddler with rude barrow, Mexico 279 



33. Carrying-frame 281 



34. Coffee-carrier of Rio. (After drawing in the Report of the U. S. 



Exploring Expedition) 281 



35. Negroes in Rio Janeiro, Brazil, acting as draft animals 282 



35a. Napo Indian carrier of Ecuador. (From Stanford's "Compendium 



of Geography and Travel ") 282 



36. Hammock carriage, with two bearers, Madeira. (From photograph 



in National Museum) 283 



37. Wine-carrier in Madeira. (After drawing in the Report of the U. S. 



Exploring Expedition) 284 



38. Persian water-carrier. (After drawing by H. Fenn in " Ceutury 



Magazine ") 284 



39. German woman conveying basket with shoulder-straps. (From 



photograph in National Museum) 285 



40. Holland yoke, showing both hands and scapulae used in carrying. 



(From photograph in National Museum) 285 



41. Peasant women of Russia carrying stone ou a bier. (After drawing 



in article published in "Century Magazine" by George Ken- 286 



nan) 



42. African carrying-straps 287 



43. Carrying- frame of the Congo 287 



44. Filanzana, or carrying- frame of Madagascar 288 



45. Shoulder-yoke and carrying-baskets, China 289 



46. Simplest form of frame for shoulder-yoke 289 



47. Japanese peddler and shoulder-yoke. (From photograph in Na- 



tional Museum) 289 



48. Chinese barrow with two sides, for burdens or passengers. (From 



photograph in National Museum) ., 290 



49. Common carrying-basket of Japan. (From photograph in National 



Museum) 291 



50. Carry ing- frame 292 



51. Karen boy of Burma. (From photograph in National Museum) 292 



52. Carrying-basket 293 



53. Carrier of the Sandwich Islands. (From photograph in National 



Museum) 294 



54. Carrying-net and frame 294 



