226 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1887. 



Miers, J. (Travels in Chili and La Plata. London, 1826. 8vo.) The Pampa In- 

 dians " never walk any distance * * * some use saddles, but not all; * * * 

 they are ill made." (Vol. I, pp. 256, 257.) Dr. Leightou says of the " horse " Indians 

 of Chili, that " their legs are generally bandy." (Vol. n, p. 473.) 



Among the Indians of Chili, " the child is slung in a kind of basket, formed of a 

 wooden hoop having a net- work stretched across it; it is hung by thongs to the roof 

 of the hut." (Vol. ii, p. 462.) 



DeLaCoudamine. (Relation Abre"ge"ed'un Voyage, etc. Maestricht, 1778. 12mo.) 

 Derivation o f the tribal names, Omaguas and Camberas, from the custom of flatten- 

 ing the head; notice of the process (p. 70). Vide Porto-Seguro, Historia Geral do 

 Brazil. Vol. I, pp. 18, 19. 



Porto-Segnro. (Historia Geral do Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, 1878. 8vo. Vol. I. 

 Head-Flattening.) Etymological remarks on the derivation of the name of certain 

 Tupi (Guaranie) tribes, from what appears to be anteroposterior compression. 

 * l Parecidas a mitras de bispos." (Vol. I, pp. 18, 19.) 



Southey remarks (History of Brazil. London, 1819. 4to. Vol. in, p. 703) that 

 when Ribeiro encountered the remains of the Omagua at Olivenca in 1774, "they 

 had left off the apparatus for flattening the foreheads and elongating the heads of 

 their infants; still they admired the old standard of beauty so much that they 

 moulded them by hand; but the custom is now wholly disused." In Note 32, Vol. 

 in, p. 896, he adds that " several tribes of the Rio Negro flattened their heads like 

 the Omaguas." Humboldt (Political Essay on New Spain. Loudon, 1814. 8vo. Vol. 

 I, p. 154) says, "the barbarous custom * * * of pressing the heads of children 

 between two boards" in South America, "was, like the Greek exaggeration of the 

 facial angle, the Kalmuck nose, the Hottentot lips, an attempt to conform to an ideal 

 of beauty." 



Spix and Martius. (Travels in Brazil. London, 1824. 8vo.) It is stated that the 

 women of the Coroados of East Brazil " carry their children about on their backs," 

 and from the context, as well as the fact that the sleeping-cradle is a hammock, it 

 seems probable that they are carried in a sling. (Vol. n, p. 247.) 



Brown and Lidstone. (Fifteen Thousand Miles on the Amazon, etc. London, 

 1878. 8vo.) They mention another exceptiou to the use of the hammock. The 

 Pamary Indians, on the Rio Negro, " have not the peculiarity of using hammocks, but 

 sleep ou the floor of their tents" on "mats of plaited palm leaves" (p. 433). 



Heriot, G. (Travels Through the Canadas. Loudon, 1807. 4to.) "The Brazil- 

 ians, and several other nations in South America," plunge the new-born infant into 

 water. It is then "swaddled to little boards lined with cotton, and more frequently 

 with moss" (p. 343). 



In connection with references to nose-flatteniug as a custom among Brazilian and 

 other South American Indians, the following indicates both the variability of the 

 facial type and that of the standard to which nasal contour conforms when arti- 

 ficially modified. De Moussy, V. M. (Description, etc., de la Confederation Argen- 

 tine. Paris, 1860. 8vo.) quotes d'Orbigny's L'homme americain, etc., to the effect 

 that in the Peruvian branch of the Ando-Peruviau race the nose is long and high — 

 "nez long, tres aquiliu." In the Antisian branch of same race it varies — " nez vari- 

 able." In the Araucanian branch of same race it is "tres court." The Pampa branch 

 of the Pampean race have the "nez trks-court, tres-epate", a narines larges, ouvertes." 

 Among the Chiquiteau branch of this race the nose is "court, un peu e"pate\" Iu the 

 third or Moxcan brauch of the Pampean race it is " court, peu large." Among the 

 Guarani tribes of the Brazilio-Guaranian race, the feature is described as "nez court, 

 dtroit, narines strokes." Length is a natural characteristic ; the rest may be natural 

 or artificial, but no doubt are largely modifications. Fide references, passim. (Vol. 

 II, pp. 145-147 ; note.) 



Dobrizhoffer, M. (An Account of the Abipoues. London, 1822. 8vo.) Father 

 Dobrizhoffer was in Paraguay from 1749 to 1767, and his ethuological matter is ex- 



