234 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1887. 



Calvert, T. W. and J. (Fiji and the Fijians. N. Y., 1~59. 8vo.) The bed of a chief, 

 made on the banquette, "is covered with mats, varying in number from two to ten, 

 and spread over a thick layer of dried grass and elastic ferns, while on them are 

 placed two or three neat wooden or bamboo pillows" (p. 108). There was an elabo- 

 rate form of general bed. An infant is "anointed with oil and tumeric," but appar- 

 ently not swathed in any way. The friends " plait small mats, measuring about 2 

 feet by 1, for the mother to nurse her babe upon." There is no notice that its bed is 

 not like that described above (p. 138). "Natives nurse the child sitting quite naked 

 astride the mother's hip, where it is kept from falling by her arm " (p. 139). 



The Calverts also describe the nose as "well shaped, with full nostrils, yet distinct 

 from the negro type." The ''lower extremities" are "of the proportion generally 

 found among white people." The "mold of the body is decidedly European" (p. 

 82). Dr. Pickering (Races of Men, p. 147) says the Fijian crania are unique, have 

 "rather the negro outline," while "the profile" appears to be "as vertical, if not 

 more so, than in the white race." 



Nind, S. (Jour. Royal Geogr. Soc. London, 1832. 8vo. Vol. I.) Describing natives 

 of King George's Sound (Swan River colony), Australia, he says: "For the first few 

 weeks the child is carried on the left arm in a fold of the cloak, but subsequently is 

 suspended on the shoulders" (p. 39). 



Foville, A. (Influence des Vetemens sur nos Organes, etc. Paris, 1834), describes 

 cases of cranial deformity aud mental incaj)acity produced by bandaging the head 

 during infancy. 



Foville quotes Blumenbach (Collectio Craniorum) with reference to cases of antero- 

 posterior flattening accompanied by occipital protrusion, and to instances of the 

 pyramidal form of the Peruvian skull. He states that Turkish crania grooved by 

 ligatures have been found. 



M. Virey (Art. "Enfant," Die. des. Sci. MCd.) asserts that raps drawn tight by 

 ribbons will "force the head into a sugar-loaf shape, aud produce idiocy" in infants. 



La Bret. (Compt. Rend. Soc. de Biologic Paris, 1852, iv,etseq.) Sur la deformation 

 artificielle du crane en Ame'rique. The author gives a resume of the opinions of well- 

 known writers on the production of cranial deformity by artificial means in North 

 and South America. 



GuCniot (Bull. Soc. de Chir.de Paris, 1870, 2d Ser. x, 382 et seq.), " Obliquite" par 

 propulsion unilat£rale," describes a case of flattening of the occipitoparietal 

 region on one side, accompanied by corresponding projection of the other, due to 

 constant position of the head on a hard surface during iufaucy. 



Dr. J. Thurnam (On Synostosis of the Cranial Bones. Loudon, 1885), describes a 

 brachycephalous skull from the Round Barrows, with a broad, shallow depression 

 passing behind the coronal suture, and over the occiput in the line of the transverse 

 spine. This was evidently the effect of some kind of head-dress ; probably, one such 

 as MM. Foville and Lunier has described as now in use in France. 



L. A. Gossei (Essai sur les deformations artificielles du crane. Paris, 1855. Ack- 

 ermann. Neues Magazin von Baldringer, Bd. 2, p. 5), says, "Hunc morem in Germania 

 satis usitatum esse et Laurenberg; etiam Hamburg* nsis capita neonatorum vinculis 

 arrificiose compressisse." Schade, J. De Singulari cranii cujusdum deformitate. 

 GryphisB, 1858,11." 



Idem. Lunier (Essai sur les deformations artificielles du cr&uc Gosse. Paris, 18G5), 

 refers to this custom as prevailing in the Franco-Gallic Provinces, and adds, " Itague 

 hand difficile intellectu videtur, forsitan etiam huj us cranii deformitatetn ca causa 

 affectam esse." 11. 



Idem. Andry (Gosse's essai) reports the same in Flanders. Shadel recognizes the 

 intra-uterine causes, aud for the most part occupies himself with distortion due to 

 affections of the sutures, following Hyrtl, Stahl, and Virchow. 



Case of what Gue"niot calls Obliquite" par propulsion unilat^rale, " reported by M. 

 Mocquet. (Bull. Soc. Anat. de Paris, 1875, 1. 56.) Cause stated to be in all such cases, 



