ARTIFICIAL DEFORMATION OF CHILDREN. 235 



or most, prolonged pressure over occipitoparietal region from hard pillow, and posi- 

 tion and weight of head. 



Bourke, Capt. John G. (Snake-Dance of the Moquis, New York, 1884), describes 

 " cradles of flat boards, with a semi-circular screen for the head. These differ among 

 the Moqnis in no essential from the ordinary cradle-board of the North American 

 Indians. When the child is placed on it it is wrapped up tightly iu blankets, with its 

 arms pinioned tightly to its sides" (pp. 240, 241(. 



Vauibe'ry, A. (Sketches of Central Asia. London, 1868). Swaddling clothes are 

 here in general use, and the kindik kesen, or cutter of the same, is a person of much 

 consequence, because the act of cutting these oat is accompanied by many ceremo- 

 nial observances. Vambery seems to indicate, however, that the child is not swathed 

 for any length of time. 



Harris, Maj. W. C. (Highlands of Ethiopia. London, 1844). The beaux of the 

 Dankalis and Somalis, at Tajura, "employ in lieu of a pillow a small wooden bolster, 

 shaped like a crutch-handle, which receives the neck * * * and preserves the 

 periwig from derangement" (i, p. 58). 



D'Albertis, L. M. (New Guinea). "Great varieties of type, in color, physiognomy, 

 and in the shape of the skull," are found on Pangian Island. Here it is observed 

 that parietal compression protrudes the supra-orbital arches (I, p. 29). The same 

 statements may, he says, be made of the natives at Orangerie Bay (i, p. 97). Along 

 the whole line, from Sorong to Dorey, the nose varied in form from flat to aquiline 

 (i, p. 210). In his plate of the mummified head got from Darnley Island, Torres 

 Straits, the type is macrocephalous. 



Blake, Dr. Carter (Appendix Unexplored Syria, Burton & Drake. London, 1872), 

 describes a female skull from the Dayr Max Miisa el Habashi showing artificial "com- 

 pression of the parietal bones," probably caused by use of the "suckling-board." 



Davis. (Collection of Voyages and Travels, etc. London, 1745). "In Morria, a 

 small, low island, lying in the river of the Amazons," children are thus carried- 

 "They take a piece of the rind of a tree, and with one end thereof they fasten the 

 child's head, and about the arm-pits and shoulders with the other, and so hang it on 

 their backs like a tinker's budget" (it, p. 487). 



Dawkins, W. Boyd. (Cave Hunting. London, 1874). Refers to Professor Busk's 

 notes on the crania of Perthi-Chwaren, in which a skull with "a well-marked de- 

 pression across the middle of the occipital bone" is described. This depression had 

 the appearance of being "caused by the constriction of a bandage." Except this 

 deformation the skull was " well formed and symmetrical," not having any of the 

 contours of the tete annulaire, due, according to MM. Foville and Gosse, to occipital 

 compression (p. 170). . 



Professor Busk states, in his ethnological notes (Cave Hunting), that the Berber 

 contingent of the Moorish invaders of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth cen- 

 turies "used to elongate the skull posteriorly and flatten the head" (pp. 170, 171). 



In the same work Professor Dawkins suggests that the flattened occiput of the 

 brachycephalous invaders of neolithic Britain "may have been caused by the use of 

 an unyielding cradle-board in infancy" (p. 193). Evidently the flattened vertex of 

 the Sclaigneaux cave was not natural (p. 219). 



