ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN. 291 



Mr. M'Clelland's character of his genus Cyprinus both indicate that it does 

 not possess these appendages ; and no serratures are shown on the dorsal or 

 anal spines. 



Cyprinus? fossicola, Gray (Mursa), Cat. Br. Mus. Icon. Reeves, a. 40; 

 Hardw. Malac. 11. Chinese name, Hang le, "Ditch carp" (Birch); 

 Kang he, " Ditch carp " (Reeves). Length of figure 8 inches. 



This fish has two moderate-sized barbels issuing from behind the middle of the lip and none 

 from the corner of the mouth, and on that account I should have placed it in the genus Ro- 

 hita of M. Valenciennes, which had previously received the appellation of Nandina from Mr. 

 Gray, both authors deriving their generic name from one of Buchanan Hamilton's species. 

 Mr. Reeves's drawing, however, does not indicate that development of the upper lip, nor 

 the fringes that characterise Rohita ; and it is probably on this account that Mr. Gray, in the 

 analysis that he had commenced of these drawings, bestowed on this one another generic 

 epithet as above quoted. In the uncertainty which exists respecting the true characters of 

 this species, I have preferred noticing it under the general appellation of Cyprinus. In the 

 extent of the dorsal it resembles the Cyprinus nandina of Buchanan Hamilton, or the 

 Cirrhinus macronotus of M'Clelland, but it differs much from that fish in its profile. The back 

 forms a very flat elliptical curve, and there is a considerable gibbous descent at the shoulder 

 to meet the facial line, which would be a straight slope, were it not that a slight rising 

 of the thin snout gives it a small degree of concavity. The mouth is terminal, and the lower 

 jaw is very little shorter than the upper one. The head is exactly a fourth of the length of 

 the fish, and the height of the body somewhat exceeds a third of the length. The eye is 

 rather small, and is equidistant from the mouth and gill-opening. The nostrils are not drawn 

 with an elevated border. The lateral line is considerably decurved, descending over the ven- 

 trals below the middle height, but running through the middle of the tail. It is traced on 

 only twenty-five scales. A few short streaks radiate from the anterior superior corner of the 

 operculum. The dorsal, which is highest anteriorly and has a straight edge, begins before 

 the ventrals, over the last fifth of the pectorals, and approaches almost as near to the cau- 

 dal as the anal does. Its first two rays are drawn as stout and spinous, standing up stiffly 

 from the others : they are not denticulated. The anterior anal rays are nearly similar. The 

 numbers shown by the artist are D. 2|20 ; A. 2|5, &c. The scales are mostly silvery, with a 

 pale mountain-green tint towards the base of each. This tint covers more of the disc towards 

 the back, and most of the upper scales are also edged with the same. There is a crimson tint 

 on the top of the head, and a faint blush of the same runs along the side above the lateral 

 line. The lips are carmine, and the pectorals, anal and caudal, are carmine at the base, 

 mixed with buff towards their borders, the extreme edge of the caudal being mountain-green. 

 The dorsal is celandine-green with carmine rays, and the ventrals bluish-gray, also with car- 

 mine rays. 



Hab. Canton. 



(Cyprini non cirrhati: — Cyprinopsis, Fitzinger; Carassius, Nilsson.) 

 Cyprinus lineatus, C. et V. xvi. p. 96. 



Hab. Macao. 



Cyprinus carassioides, Gray, Cat. Br. Mus. Icon. Reeves, 126 ; Hardw. 

 Malac. 12. Chinese name, Keih yu, " Shoe fish" (Reeves, Birch) ; Kik u 

 (Bridgem. Chrest. 21). Length of figure 9^ inches. 



This drawing represents a fish having nearly the same profile with C. acuminatus, being 

 merely a little higher and wanting the transverse furrow on the snout as well as the barbels. 

 The dorsal, which is high in front with an even edge, begins over the middle of the ventrals 

 and terminates opposite to the middle of the anal. The anal spine is thick and as long as 

 the soft rays ; the dorsal one is shorter ; both are serrated. The numbers shown are D. 2|18 ; 

 A. 2|5, &c. Lateral line straight and traced on twenty-eight scales. No streaks on the oper- 

 culum. The scales are brightly silvery, shaded gradually from their bases with greenish-gray 

 above the lateral line, and with faint sulphur-yellow lower on the sides and belly. The edges 

 of the opercular pieces and of the humeral chain are also sulphur-yellow. The fins have ash- 

 gray edges, and are tinged with aurora-red towards their bases. The dorsal has a soiled hya- 

 cinth-red bar along its base, and another more distinct along its middle. The eye-brow is 

 flax-flower blue. 



Hab. Canton. 



u2 



