ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN. 297 



body, all of them above the lateral line, but only four on the trunk of the tail ; one of them 

 below the lateral line. The discs of the scales are more silvery on the sides, and beneath the 

 lateral line they are faintly shaded at the base with pearl-gray, and have neither spots nor 

 coloured borders. Head greenish above, glossed with crimson on the snout, temples and oper- 

 culum, and silvery with yellow shadings beneath. Dorsal yellowish-gray. Pectorals greenish 

 at the base and cream-yellow elsewhere. Anal andventrals pale cream-yellow with ochraceous 

 rays. Caudal dark blackish-gray. Iris silvery with a patch of orpiment-orange. 

 Hab. Canton. 



Leuciscus mackuerioides, Richardson. Icon. Reeves, 111. Hardw. Ma- 

 lac. Chinese name, Lan taou, " Rope-knife" (Birch) ; Lan tow (Reeves). 

 Length of figure 7^ inches. Height l\ inch. Genus Chela ?, Buch. Ham. 

 Pelecus?, Agassiz. 



The shading of the drawing seems to indicate that the belly of this fish is acute from the 

 middle of the pectorals to the anus. Its back is very flatly arched, the nearly horizontal face 

 forming part of the curve, which is much inferior in convexity to the belly. The height of 

 the body is about equal to the seventh of the length, of which the head forms less than an 

 eighth part. The scales seem to be small and delicate, and the lateral line descends at its 

 commencement in a short arc to the lower quarter of the height, and then runs horizontally 

 from the last quarter of the anus, where it rises parallel to the curve of the attachment of the 

 anal fin, and again resumes its horizontal direction when it has reached the middle of the tail. 

 The dorsal commences a little behind the front of the ventrals or in the middle of the length, 

 caudal excluded. It is taller than the anal, and equals it in the length of its base. The 

 caudal is forked. 



The very silvery scales are shaded at the bases with leek-green on the back and light pearl- 

 gray on the belly. The fins are pale mountain-green, transparent and without spots, except 

 the pectoral, which is asparagus-green with a blackish spot on its inferior angle, near the base. 

 There are some greenish-yellow shadings on the head. 

 Hab. Canton. 



Leuciscus acutus, Broussonnet MSS. in Descript. of Anim. p. 205. fig. 



194 (Cyprinus). Leuc. acutirostris, Gray, Cat. Br. Mus. Icon. Reeves, 



a. 42; Hardw. Malac. 29. Chinese name, Leen taou (Birch) ; Leen tou, 



" Sickle or reaping-knife" (Reeves). Length of figure 7*35 inches. Height 



of body 1*85 inch. Length of head 1*35 inch. 



This figure has considerable resemblance toL. machcerioides, and the curvature of the lateral 

 line is the same, but it has a straighter back, a more convex belly, higher body, and a longer 

 and lower anal. The head is equally slender, the snout and lower jaw more acute, and the 

 eye larger. The triangular and acute dorsal commences opposite to the axilla of the ven- 

 trals. The pectorals are very acute and the anal reaches near to the caudal. The rays 

 shown in Mr. Reeves's figure are D. 8 ; A. 15. In the ' Descr. of Animals' they are noted 

 as D. 8 ; A. 14; C. 18 ; P. 15; V. 8. About thirty-four scales exist in a longitudinal row, 

 and there are ten or eleven rows in the height. 



Colour of the back pale and pure wood-brown with seven pale crimson, longitudinal streaks 

 in the whole height, corresponding with the rows of scales. Below the middle height the 

 scales are shaded with pearl- gray. The caudal is pistachio-green, the dorsal, anal and pec- 

 torals ash-gray, with a blotch of rich carmine on the base and first ray of the dorsal, and a 

 slight blush of the same on the base of the ventrals, the first anal ray, and all the pectoral rays. 



Hab. Canton. 



Leuciscus idella, C. et V. xvii. p. 362, Icon. Reeves, 122; Hardw. 

 Malac. 23. Chinese name, Hwan yu, " Hwan fish " (Birch) ; Hwan u, 

 " Strong carp" (Reeves). Length of figure 17^ inches. Icon. Piscium a 

 pictore Sinensi 24, &c, drawing 14^- inches long. Had. D. 9 ; A. 9 ; C. 19f ; 

 P. 19; V. 8, omnes articulati. (Spec. Br. Mus.) Genus Aspius ?, Agassiz. 

 An Idus ?, Heckel. 



A specimen deposited in the British Museum by John Reeves, Esq. measures fourteen 

 inches in length. It is fusiform, with a thickish tail and rather acute snout, perfectly well 

 represented by Mr. Reeves's drawing. The stoutish upper jaw projects beyond the lower 

 one, and curves slightly over it, but the rictus of the mouth is not large and does not reach 

 backwards to the nostrils. Operculum finely streaked. The eye is rather above the middle 

 height of the head, and the furrowed preorbitar and temporal extremity of the suborbitar 

 tubes rise above its level. The maxillary touches the corner of the mouth, but scarcely forms 



