Cyprinus. gangetic fishes. 271 



Each pectoral fin has thirteen rays. That behind the vent 

 commences close to this organ ; the three first of its rays are 

 undivided, and lengthen gradually from the first, which is very 

 short ; the others are branched. The under lobe of the tail 

 fin is the longest, and it has in all nineteen distinct rays, be- 

 sides some short compacted ones. 



13th Species. — Cyprinus shacra. 



A Cyprinus of the Barilius kind, with four tendrils ; with in- 

 complete bars on the sides ; with nine rays in the fin of the 

 back ; and with ten in that behind the vent. 



This fish differs very little from the last, except in having 

 four tendrils in place of two. I found it in the river Kosi, 

 where it grows to four or five inches in length. It is shaped 

 like the head of a lance. Numerous transverse bars descend 

 to the lateral lines. The fin of the tail is yellow, which, on 

 the lower lobe, is stained with black. 



The head is bluntish and small. The mouth is of moderate 

 size, and horizontal. The jaws protrude in opening, the up- 

 per being the longest, and being undivided at the end. On 

 each side a tendril, shorter than the head, proceeds from the 

 middle of the upper jaw, and another from the corner of the 

 mouth. Each nostril has only one aperture in the middle, be- 

 tween the eye and jaw. The eyes are far forward. The gill- 

 covers are rounded behind. 



The scales are moderate sized, and easily separated. The 

 shoulder-blades are naked and shining. The pectoral and ven- 

 tral fins have no scale-like appendants. 



Each pectoral fin has thirteen rays. The two inner rays of 

 each ventral fin are almost united. The first rav of the fin be- 

 hind the vent is short, and both it and the second are undivid- 

 ed ; the others are branched, and the last is divided to the 



