306 gangetic fishes. Order V. 



are not bordered behind by a membrane, but expose their pro- 

 per membranes to view. 



The back slopes from the fin to the head, and has a blunt or 

 convex edge. The vent is behind the middle. The lateral lines 

 bend down from the shoulder. The scales adhere firmly, and 

 are dotted at the edges. Above each ventral fin is a scale-like 

 appendant. 



The dorsal fin occupies the middle of the back : the three first 

 of its rays are very strong, undivided, and closely united, the 

 first being very short, and the third the longest ; the others are 

 branched, and the last is divided to the root. The pectoral fins 

 are shorter than the head, and sharp above : each has eighteen 

 rays, of which the first is undivided. The ventral fins do not 

 extend to the vent, and each has nine rays. The anal fin is 

 near the vent : the three first of its rays are undivided, and gra- 

 dually lengthen from the first, which is very short ; the other 

 five are branched, and divided to the root. The tail fin is di- 

 vided into two lobes, and has nineteen distinct rays, besides 

 short compacted ones. 



43d Species. — Cyprinus mosal. 



A proper Cyprinus, with four tendrils ; with thirteen rays (of 

 which the four first are undivided) in the fin of the back, and eight 

 in that behind the vent ; with very large scales ; with a smooth 

 nose, and smooth-edged lips ; and with pale fins. 



The Mosal I found in the river Kosi, where it grows to four 

 or five feet long. It is of a long, compressed, but thick form, 

 more prominent on the back than on the belly, its colours shining 

 above with green and gold, and below with silver. The fins 

 have no spots, and a slight orange tinge. The eyes are silver, 

 dotted above. 



The head is sharp, oval, and narrower than the body, and 



