so 



MUG1LID.E. 



34-35 scales; pectoral as long as head . . .12. M. hoefleri, Stdr., p. 96. 

 27-30 scales ; pectoral as long as or slightly [p. 96. 



shorter than head 13. M. grandisquamis, 0. & V., 



II. Caudal feebly emarginate; 26-27 scales 

 in a longitudinal series ; no scaly pro- 

 cess in axil of pectoral ; anal with 7-8 

 soft rays 14. M. vaigiensis, Q. & G., p. 97. 



1. MUGIL CEPHALUS. 



Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 520 (1766); Sonnini, Voy. Egypte, ii. p. 296, pi. xxiii. 



fig. 2 (1799) ; Delaroche, Ann. Mus. xiii. 1809, p. 358, pi. xx. fig. 4; Cuv. 



Regne Aniin. 2nd ed. ii. p. 231 (1829) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Pesc. 



(1834) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xi. p. 19, pi. cccvii. (1836) ; Lowe, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 86 ; Guichen. Explor. Alg., Poiss. p. 67 (1850); Giinth. 



Cat. Fish. iii. p. 417 (1861) ; Blanch. Poiss. France, p. 231 (1866) ; Steind. 



Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ivii. i. 1868, p. 680 ; Giinth. Petherick's Trav. ii. p. 209 



(1869) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxi. i. 1870, p. 952 ; Moreau, Poiss. Franco, 



iii. p. 183 (1881) ; Jord. & Evenn. Fish. N. Amer. p. 811 (1896) ; Bouleng. 



Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 353 (1901) ; H. W. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Philad. lv. 1904, 



pp. 743 & 744, fig. ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 429, pi. lxxx. fig. 1 (1907). 

 Mugil albula, Linn. t. c. p. 520. 



Mugil tang, Bloch, Nat. Ausl. Fische, viii. p. 171, pi. cccxcv. (1793). 

 Mugil plumieri, Bloch, t. c. p. 173, pi. cccxcvi. 

 Mugil lineatus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 96. 

 Mugil constantice, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 107 ; A. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr., Fishes. 



pi. xxviii. fig. 1 (1846); Casteln. Mem. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 48 (1861) : 



Giinth. Cat. t. c. p. 418, fig. 

 Mugil borbonicus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 113 ; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 395, 



pi. xlii. fig. 3 (1891). 

 Mugil rammelsbergii, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Ichth. p. 20 (1845). 

 Mugil berlandieri, Girard, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. i. Ichth. p. 20, pi. x. figs. 1-4 



' (1859). 

 ? Mugil camptosiensis, Casteln. op. cit p. 48. 

 Mugil gueutheri, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 169. 

 Mugil ashanteensis, Bleek. Nat. Verb. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 91, 



pi. xix. fig. 2 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxi. i. 1870, p. 953. 

 Mugil mexicanus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxiii. i. 1875, p. 58, pi. viii. 



Depth of body 3| to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4i 

 times (less in the very young). Snout as long as eye in adult, shorter 

 in young ; eye perfectly lateral in young, better visible from below than 

 from above in adult, partly covered by a much developed adipose lid, 



