138 CICHLIDJE. 



Toeth in a single series, 14-20 in upper jaw, 



grooved in front; dorsal with 18-20 spines. 40. Plecodus, Blgr., p. 503. 



II. Dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath at the base. 

 Teeth with blunt crowns, in a single series, two 

 or four middle ones enlarged ; dorsal with 

 10-20 spines, anal with 8-10 .... 41. Paretroplus, Blkr., p. 504. 



1. TILAPIA. 



Chromis, part., Cuvier, Regno Anim. ii. p. 200 (1817) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. 



p. 207 (1802). 

 Tilapia, A. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr., Fish. (1840) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1899, p. 105, part., and Foiss. Bass. Congo, p. 452 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mem. 



Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 307 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 513 (1907). 

 Sarotherodon, Rfipp. Verz. Mus. Senck. iv. p. 21 (1852) ; Giinth. Cat. iv. p. 273. 

 Coptodon, Gervais, Bull. Soc. Agric. Herault, 1853, p. 81. 

 Haligenes, Giinth. Froc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 471. 



Ptycliochromis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxxxii. i. 1880, p. 248; Fellegr. t. c. p. 340. 

 Oreochromis, Giinth. Froc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 70 ; Pellegr. t. c. p. 354. 

 Ctenochromis, part., Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wies. Anst. x. 1893, p. 149. 

 Ophthalmotilapia, Pellegr. t.-c. p. 345. 



Body short or more or less elongate ; scales cycloid or ctenoid ; two 

 incomplete lateral lines. Teeth in 2 or more series, the outer bicuspid *, 

 the others tricuspid; maxillary usually more or less completely hidden 

 under the praeorbital when the mouth is closed f. Dorsal fin with 11 

 to 19 spines, anal with 3 or 4. Parietal and occipital crests strong, 

 extending to between the orbits. Vertebrae 26-34 J. 



Africa and Syria. 



* Occasional!}' conical or iudistinctly bicuspid in a few species which are related to 

 T. nUotica (T. nigra, ffwssambica, nattdensfc, linnelli, squamipinnis). See also Haplochromis. 

 t Exceptions in T. buettikoferi, fasciata, burtoni, acuticeps, swynnertoni, lucullce, Ttorii. 

 t Numbers of vertebrre in species with cycloid scales: — 

 14 + 1 2=26. T. macrocepJuda. 



14 + 15=20. T.percivali. 



15 + 13=28. T, dolloi, melanopleiu-a, cubrcc, sparrmani. 



16 + 12=28. T. eduardiaua, lieuddoti, marice, sillii, buettiJcoferi. 



16 + 13=29. T. melanqpleura, ziJJli, brevimanus. 

 16+14=30. T. sJiirana, natalensis. 



17+ 13=30. T. galilcea, andersonli. 

 17+15=32. T. nilotica, galiltea. 



17 + 16=33. T. sqnamiphinis. 



