FRESH-WATER BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF THE WORLD. 507 



Balaton, one of the largest fresh-water bodies of Europe, having an 

 area of over 266 square miles, though its maximum depth appears to be 

 only 11 meters. It is surrounded by enormous marshy areas, which give 

 thus varied conditions for the development of life. Several parts of 

 the report on these investigations have already been published. 



In France there exists a lacustrine laboratory near Clermont-Ferrand, 

 which was organized in connection with the zoological laboratory of the 

 university of that name in 1893. The reports from the station are 

 recorded in the Eevue d'Auvergne. At Paris, Drs. Richard and de 

 Guerne have investigated collections from a large number of lakes not 

 only in France and neighboring countries, but even from Algeria, 

 Syria, the Azores, and other points, and have published valuable con- 

 tributions on the distribution of fresh- water Crustacea, as well as sys- 

 tematic monographs of various groups. 



In Germany all types of stations are represented, as might be 

 expected from the importance of scientific study in that nation. Indi- 

 vidual investigators, not a few, have examined various lakes or lake 

 regions, most prominent among them being undoubtedly Apstein, 

 whose studies on Holstein lakes have extended over many years, and 

 whose work on fresh-water plankton is the first general statement of 

 the problems and of the methods used by Hensen in the investigation 

 of marine life with such success, and by Apstein first applied to 

 lacustrine investigation. Probably the best known fresh-water station 

 in the world is that on Lake Plon, also in Holstein. This was the first 

 permanent general fresh-water station to be established in the world. 

 It owes its inception to the energy of its present director, Dr. Zacharias, 

 whose plan was to establish for fresh water an institution similar to the 

 Naples Marine Biological Station. The station opened in 1891, and 

 since that time it has been in continuous operation, and has afforded 

 opportunities for investigation to a large number of scientific workers, 

 both German and foreign. It is the most pretentious of all fresh-water 

 stations, having a building two stories in height, with numerous labo- 

 ratory rooms, and is equipped with abundant apparatus for collecting 

 and investigating. From it has been published yearly since 1893 a 

 volume of studies, and the director has also contributed largely to other 

 journals on limnologic problems. Two other stations in Germany owe 

 their inception to the fishery problem, and have for their purpose more 

 particularly the investigation of those limnologic questions which deal 

 particularly with the life of the fishes. One of these is located at Miig- 

 gelsee, near Berlin, and is conducted under the auspices of the German 

 Fishery Association. The other, at Trachenberg, is under the auspices 

 of the Silesian Fisheries Association. Both have made important con- 

 tributions to the biological questions concerned in fish culture. A 

 portable station has also been maintained since 1886 by the University 

 of Konigsberg. 



All the North American stations which are known to me lie within 



