FRESH-WATER BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF THE WORLD. 509 



merely summer schools, such as the Biological Laboratory of the Chau- 

 tauqua College of Liberal Arts, on Lake Chautauqua. Others are both 

 for teaching and for investigation, while only a small number are 

 exclusively devoted to the investigation of liinnologic problems from 

 one standpoint or another. The University of Minnesota maintained 

 in 1893 at Cull Lake, near the center of the State, a laboratory for 

 summer work by members of the university, and for the prosecution of 

 the natural history survey of the State under the direction of Professor 

 Nachtrieb, of the university. The State University of Ohio has con- 

 ducted, since 189(5, a lake laboratory at Sandusky, on Lake Erie. 

 It occupies one of the State fish hatcheries, and is supplied with the 

 necessary apparatus by joint action of the university and State fish 

 commission. Its purpose is to afford a convenient point of work for 

 the members of the university, and also to aid in the prosecution of 

 the State biological survey, which is being carried on by the Ohio Acad- 

 emy of Sciences. The immense stretches of shallow water, marshy 

 regions, and protected areas, together with the varied character of 

 shore and the open lake within easy reaching distance, serve to make 

 Sandusky perhaps the most favorable place on Lake Erie for the study 

 of the fresh- water fauna and flora. The station was closed a year ago, 

 owing to the death of the director, Professor Kellicott, but has since 

 then been reopened under the charge of Prof. Herbert Osbbrn. 



In 1895 the University of Indiaua opened a biological station on the 

 shore of Turkey Lake, in the northern part of the State, under the 

 direction of Professor Eigenmaun, of the university. A constantly 

 increasing number of students has visited the station each summer. 

 The majority of them have been teachers of the State engaged in the 

 prosecution of work to equip them for their teaching, but others have 

 also assisted in carrying out a general survey of the lake fauna and in 

 the collection of material to illustrate annual variation and associated 

 problems. For comparison, collections have been made from adjacent 

 lakes connected with other water basins. In the coming year the sta- 

 tion is to be moved to the shores of Winona Lake, some 18 miles from 

 the present location, where two buildings are to be constructed for its 

 use by the Winona Assembly. The contributions from the laboratory 

 have been published in the proceedings of the Indiana Academy. 



For a number of years the Michigan fish commission maintained a 

 force of a few scientific investigators and assistants in conducting a 

 biological examination of the inland lakes of the State, uuder the direc- 

 tion of Professor Eeighard, of the University of Michigan. In 1893 it 

 was determined to transfer the seat of operations from inland waters to 

 one of the Great Lakes, and by virtue both of its convenient location 

 and of its importance as a famous spawning ground of the lake fish, 

 which had, however, almost ceased to visit it, Lake St. Clair was decided 

 upon as the locality for the first year, and the laboratory was located 

 on a small bay at the northwest shore of the lake. The party consisted 



