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extract blood from the victim against whom it is pointed without actual 

 contact and to insert in him some foreign substance. They will not go 

 alone to the grave of a relative for fear of seeing his ghost. It appears 

 that they have the fancy that Europeans are ghosts. The Tasmanians 

 also, as Mr. Ling Eoth himself tells us, had the same fancy as to the 

 Europeans and believed that the dead could act upon the living. The 

 Pawnee Indians, we are assured by Mr. Grinnell, believe that the spir- 

 its of the dead live after their bodies are dust. They imagine that the 

 little whirlwinds often seen in summer are ghosts. The Blackfeet think 

 the shadow of a person is his soul and that while the souls of the good 

 are allowed to go to the sand hills, those of the bad remain as ghosts 

 near the place where they died. The Shillooks of Central Africa are 

 said to believe that the ghostly specters of the dead are always invisibly 

 present with the living and accompany them wherever they go. The 

 aborigines of Samoa believed in a land of ghosts, to which the spirits 

 of the deceased were carried immediately after death. The religious 

 system of the Amazulu, as described by Bishop Callaway, rests largely 

 on the foundation of belief in the continued activity of the disembodied 

 spirits of deceased ancestors. 



Mr. Bryce, in his " Impressions of South Africa," says that at Lezapi, 

 in Mashonaland, are three huts, one of which is roofed and is the grave 

 of a famous chief whose official name was Makoni. " On the grave 

 there stands a large earthenware pot, which used to be regularly filled 

 with native beer, when, once a year, about the anniversary of his death, 

 his sons and other descendants came to venerate and propitiate his 

 ghost. Five years ago, when the white men came into the country, the 

 ceremony was disused, and the poor ghost is now left without honor and 

 nutriment. The pot is broken, and another pot, which stood in an 

 adjoining hut and was used by the worshipers, has disappeared. The 

 place, however, retains its awesome character, and a native boy who was 

 with us would not enter it. The sight brought vividly to mind the 

 similar spirit worship which went on among the Bomans, and which 

 goes on to-day in China; but I could not ascertain for how many gen- 

 erations back an ancestral ghost receives these attentions — a point 

 which has remained obscure in the case of Boman ghosts also." 



The aborigines of New Britain are said to believe that the ghosts of 

 their deceased ancestors exercise a paramount influence on human 

 affairs, for good or for evil. They have the poetical idea that the stars 

 are lamps held out by the ghosts to light the path of those who are to 

 follow in their footsteps. On the other hand, they think these an- 

 cestral ghosts are most malicious during full moon. Not to multiply 

 instances, we may say with Mr. Staniland Wake, it is much to be 

 doubted whether there is any race of uncivilized men who are not firm 

 believers in the existence of spirits or ghosts. If this is so, and the 

 idea of a separable spirit, capable of feeling and of action apart from 

 the body, is found to be practically universal among mankind, and to 



