652 DOGS AND SAVAGES. 



at sight of thern the natives seek refuge in trees; 1 and, according to 

 Dr. Claus, 2 a similar fear is shown by the South American Suyas. In 

 Kagaruma-Shiina (Liukiu Islands) there are neither hares nor wild 

 pigs, on account of which the people have no need for hunting dogs; 3 

 the same is the case at Minicoy, 4 in the Maldive Islands, 5 at Hormuz, 

 in the Persian Gulf, 6 and on the island of St. Lawrence, as ISTorden- 

 skiold tells us. 7 In South America no dogs are found with the Bakairi, 

 Manitsanas, and Bororo; 8 in Africa there are none on the Comoro 

 Islands, 9 nor are there any among the old Tasmanians. 10 In ancient 

 times none were allowed on the island of Delos. n Crawford contro- 

 verts the statements of Bitter, 12 Lassen, 13 and Kolenati u concerning 

 the absence of Canidae in western India. 15 



Osseous remains of dogs are found in that stratum of the earth's 

 crust from which we obtain information concerning men, animals, and 

 plants that existed long before the historical period. Prehistorical 

 discoveries, chiefly in Europe, show us the dog already, at that time, 

 affecting and influencing in various degrees the life of man. Deep 

 scratches made by knife-like instruments found on the bones of young 

 and old dogs, bones broken in pieces, skulls cracked with stones to get 

 at the sweet-tasting brain, lead us to recognize these relics as food 

 rejects, and I might now affirm with still more ground the view I pub- 

 lished in Ausland 16 fourteen years ago, that man, during the first stage 

 of his earthly wanderings in a constant struggle for existence, obtained 

 control over the dog as over other animals, merely for food purposes. 

 The food question is the chief one both for animals and man; 17 even at 

 the present time anthropoid apes and the lowest races of people show 

 that they can live on fruits and roots of the woods and fields, on insects 

 (caterpillars, crickets, locusts, ants, larvae of every kind), worms, mus- 



1 Zeitschr. der Ges. f. Erdkunde, Berlin, XXIV, 113. 



2 Deutsche Geogr. Blatter, 1889, 226. 



3 Mitth. der Deutsch. Ges. £, Natur- und Volkerkunde in Ostasien, H. 24, 1881, 

 pp. 142, 146. 



■Teterm. Mittk., 1872, 297. 



5 Ausland, 1887, 763. 



« Natur, 1893, 273. 



7 Umsegelung Asiens, II, 245. 



8 Karl v. d. Steinen, Durch Central-Brasiliens, p. 290; Unter den Naturvolkern 

 Central-Brasiliens, p. 483; Rodenberg's Deutsche Rundschau, 1 October, 1892; Zool. 

 Garten, 1889, 103; Verhl. der Gesel. f..Erdkunde, Berlin, XV, 376; Revue Coloniale 

 Internat., Ill, 536. 



M Ausland, 1887, 509. 

 10 Erzherzog Ludwig Salvator, Hobarttown, p. 15. 



11 Strabo, ed. Kramer, vol. II, p. 418, 14. 



12 Erdkunde, V, 258. 



13 Ind. Alterthumskunde, I, 301. 



14 Hocharmenien, p. 86. 



16 Hist, of Ind. Archipelago, p. 428. 



lfi 1881, 658, and after that, Garteulaube, 1882, No. 44. 



ir Loui8 Bourdeau, Conquete du monde animal. 



