DOGS AND SAVAGES. 655 



Just as the dog was used by later prehistoric man for hunting, he is 

 also used by the savages of to-day, and in all four quarters of the 

 globe we find him widely distributed, though in different grades of 

 development. It would be a waste of space if I should here enumer- 

 ate all peoples who hunt with more or less highly trained hunting dogs, 

 but this subject belongs to a treatise on the science of hunting. A few 

 examples will be sufficient to show how varied are the methods of hunt- 

 ing in Australia, 1 New Guinea, 2 among the Tehuel of Guanaco, 3 in 

 America, in Matto Grosso, 4 in Ecuador. 5 The natives of Haiti raised 

 a breed of small dogs for hunting on the island. 6 Even before the 

 time of Columbus the Tarumas possessed, as they do now, excellent 

 hunting dogs which they kept, when not iu use, in a kind of cage. 7 

 The Bonny negroes bury their hunting dogs and in the Bushman village 

 of Guidappou talismans are hung around them." For the hunting 

 methods of the Koluschans, Hurons, and Tlinkits, see note. 9 Iu North 

 Borneo the people land from five to seven dogs from boats iu different 

 places and learn from their bark where a boar is to be found, land there 

 and kill him with spears. In the south of this island the flesh is sepa- 

 rated from the bones of this wild animal and fastened to a tree; the 

 dogs are then set onto this meat to make them courageous. 10 The hunts 

 for stags and boars by the Bagobos and on Peel Island are also char- 

 acteristic. 11 Savages have never descended to the mutilation of hounds 

 hunting off their grouud, as was practised in Europe in former centu- 

 ries, the English law of the time of Henry VII providing that the left 

 leg should be cut off, and the ordinance promulgated in 1702 that one 

 paw or all the claws of one foot be removed. 13 



Castration has been practiced on dogs from an early date, for differ- 

 ent purposes, and in countries far distant from each other, for example 

 amongthe Kamchatkans," the residents of Sakhalin, 14 and in Togoland. 15 



1 Waitz, VI, 729. 



2 Finsch, N. und seine Bewohner, p. 69. 



:i Zeitschr. d. Ges. f. £rdk. Berlin, IX, 345; Giglioli, Viaggio intorno al globo, p. 968. 



^Zeitschrift, loc.cit., V, 249. 



5 Simson, Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador, p. 169; Hassaurek, Vier Jahre unter 

 Spanisch Americanern, p. 123. 



6 Oviedo, XII, 5; Waitz, IV, 323; Tippenbauer, Die Insel Haiti, pp. 213, 316, 374; 

 Journal An tlirop. Institute, London, 1887, February, p. 272. 



7 Darwin Var. I, 23, 25; II, 276. 



8 Peterm.Mitth., 1862, 250, 247; Kappler, Holland. Guiana, p. 80, and concerning 

 the hunting hounds of the Warraus and Waikas, see further E. Schoniburgk, Eeise 

 in Brit. Guiana, I, 199. 



s Zeitr. f. Ethn., II, 316 and XVI, 234; Waitz, III, 87; Krause, Die Tlinkit-Indiauer 

 5,89; Deutsche Geogr. Blatter, IX, 224; Karr, Shores and Alps of Alaska, p. 148. 



10 Geogr. Proceedings, London, X, 6; Mitth. Geogr. Ges. Jena, VI, 99. 



11 Zeitschr. f. Ethn., XVII, 22 ; Hawks, Exped. of an American Squadron, p. 233. 



12 The Nineteenth Century, 1891, January, p. 116; H. Biernatzki, Schlesw.-Holst, 

 Lauenburg-Landesgeschichte, II, 1847, p. 80. 



13 Gilder, Ice- Pack and Tundra, p. 17. 

 14 Poljakow, Reise nach S., p. 42. 



15 Mitth. von Forschungsreisen in Deutsche. Schutzgebieten V, 12. 



