656 DOGS AND SAVAGES. 



Fishing is, as is well known, eagerly pursued by many hairy animals, 

 and by the dogs of northern regions especially in summer, thereby sav- 

 ing their masters the trouble of feeding them. I have written two pa- 

 pers x on the subject of fishing dogs, and in the second I mentioned, 

 from the work of Howard, 2 the skilled methods of the Ainos of Sakhalin 

 which considerably excel those of the English fishermen of Oolvyn Bay 

 on the coast of North Wales. 



As draft animals dogs are attached to vehicles both on water and 

 on land. As with us canal boats are drawn on rivers by means of a 

 rope by people on the bank, so in eastern Siberia they are drawn by 

 dogs, and indeed four dogs drag a boat regularly on the Yenisei from 

 Troizkek cloister against the stream, and do it more easily than four of 

 the small native horses. 3 They are used similarly — of course constantly 

 only in the summer — by the Jukahirs, 4 the Griljaks on the Amur/ and 

 the Kamchatkans. 6 



But this use of the dog is not as general as its employment as a draft 

 animal on the land, concerning which Kohl has given us a tolerably 

 general idea, 7 while the works of Lord and Baines are exhaustive and 

 instructively illustrated. 8 The treatment which the poor draft dogs 

 have to endure from us is discussed in the " Neue Deutsche Jadg-Zei- 

 tung" (XIV, 157). In this first decade of this century, Humboldt 9 

 refers to the significance of similar folk customs, and Yule ]0 has made 

 the observation that dog sledges are now used in Asia as far south as 

 61° 30', but in the eleventh century they were also in use between the 

 Dwina and the Pechora. According to Ibn Batuta, 11 they were used in 

 the fourteenth century in the Land of Darkness, in Bulgaria (the old 

 Bulgaria in central Russia), where the people drove with three dogs 

 abreast and one leader. According to Langmantel, 12 " There are in 

 these countries Wassibar dogs that draw carts in summer and sledges 

 in the winter, and are as large as a doukey; and the people in this 

 country eat dogs." Dogs are still sometimes used in some regions of 

 Poland and in the northwestern provinces of Russia to draw small 

 loads, but such a custom is not general, 13 and the animals are also too 

 weak, but the comparatively small Siberian dogs, in spite of their 



1 Der Hund 1884, No. 48, and Schweitz. Zentralbl. f. Jagd- u. Hundeliebhaber, 

 1894, No. 5. 



2 Life with the Trans-Siberian Savages, 1893, p. 51 et seq: 

 3 Miiller, Unter Tungusen und Jakuten, p. 180. 



4 Wrangels Eeise, I, 214. 



■\ Journal Geogr. Soe. London, 1858, 396; Peterm. Mitth. 1857,314. 



6 Peterm. Ergiinz. Heft No. 54, 16. 



7 Der Verkehr und die Ansiedlung der Menschen, p. 75. 



8 Shifts, Experience of Camp Life, pp. 353, 354, and 358. 

 fl Reise in der Aequinoctial Gegenden, IV, 585. 



10 Book of Marco Polo, II, 43. 



11 Lee, The travels of J. B. p. 78. 



12 Hans Schiltbergers Reisebuch, p. 39. 



13 Russische Revue, XI, 443. 



