DOGS AND SAVAGES. 673 



the association of shepherds and dogs in Egypt alone reaches back for 

 thousands of years, we see from the sceptre of the Pharaohs, a long 

 shepherd's staff whose crook has the form of the head of an animal, 

 indeed a very well-designed head of a dog. Wilkinson saw similar 

 staffs among the Egyptian peasants of to day, as did also Virchow and 

 Schliemann at Epidauris. 1 



In Yule's masterly work 2 we read: "The doghead feature is at least 

 as old as Ctesias. The story originated, I imagine, in the disgust with 

 which allophylian types of countenance are regarded, kindred to the 

 feeling which makes the Hindoos and other eastern nations represent 

 the aborigines whom they superseded as demons. The Cubans de- 

 scribed the Caribs to Columbus as maueaters with dogs' muzzles, and 

 the old Danes had tales of Cynocephali in Finland. Ibn Batuta 

 describes an Indo-Chinese tribe on the coast of Arakan or Pegu as 

 having dogs' mouths, but says the women were beautiful. Trio Jordanus 

 has heard the same of the dog-headed islanders. And one form of the 

 story, found, strange to say, in China and diffused over Ethiopia, rep- 

 resents the males as actual dogs and represents the females as women. 

 Oddly, too, Pere Barbe tells us that a tradition of the Nicobar people 

 themselves represents as of canine descent, but on the female side! 

 The like tale, in early Portuguese days, was told by the Peguans, viz., 

 that they sprang from a dog and a Chinese woman. It is mentioned 

 by Camoens (10, 122). Note, however, that in Colonel Man's notice of 

 the wilder part of the Xicobar people the projecting canine teeth are 

 spoken of." To these words I will add the following notes: Forbes 3 

 speaks of the transformation of a dog into a man; according to Colqu- 

 houn, 4 a dog married a "daughter of Yao," and Robert Ilartmau 5 

 discusses the tradition that in Dschur lo wate (woman town) there were 

 only women, and these consorted with dogs. 



On the island of Hainan the aborigines, the Li-tse, descended from 

 dogs, and therefore yet have tails as appendages. 6 Radloff 7 speaks of 

 the origin of the Khirgises from dogs. The Ainos trace their deriva- 

 tion from the offspring of a woman and a dog. 3 Also in America many 

 stocks derive their own origin from dogs — for example, the Chuchacas, 

 the Kadiaks, theChippeways, the Dog-rib Indians. 9 According to Boas, 

 this came to pass in the latter case very easily. A woman driven from 

 her tribe married a dog, bore to him six dogs, and once surprised them 



1 Zeitschr. f. Ethn., XX (391). 

 - The Book of Marco Polo, II, 252. 



3 Eastern Archipelago, p. 100. 



4 Amongst the Shans, p. 45. 

 f Zeitschr. f. Ethn., II, 138. 

 fi Ausland, 1884, 916. 

 7 Peterm. Mitth., 1864, 165. 



8 Zeitschr. f. Ethn., XIV (180); cf. Bird, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, II, 33; Aus- 

 land, 1888, 842. 



« Zeitschr. f. Ethn., VI, 272; Zeitschr. d. Ges. f. Erdk. Berlin, II, 433; Waitz, III, 

 191; Bancroft, Native Races, I, 118; Peterni. Mitth., 1891, Literatur, p. 102. 

 sm 98 43 



